Germany, Japan and international payment imbalances

• Autorzy: Sławomir I. Bukowski
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

International payment imbalances are usually discussed in the context of the U.S. - China relations. However, it is worth noticing that apart from China also Germany and Japan and many other countries (mainly raw-material exporters, such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, etc.) belong to surplus countries. Germany and Japan are characterized by specifi c features among which high international competitiveness in comparison to other countries prevails. It is their competitiveness that accounts for their success and their vital role in international payment imbalances both in the EU and globally.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Economic growth; Import; Export; Balance of payments; Transaction account; Payment imbalances

PL

Wzrost gospodarczy; Import; Eksport; Bilans płatniczy; Rachunek bieżący; Nierównowaga płatnicza

• Czasopismo: Central European Review of Economics & Finance
• Rocznik: 2012
• Numer: Vol. 2, No 1
• Strony: 5--18

Twórcy

autor

Sławomir I. Bukowski

• Kazimierz Pułaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland

Bibliografia

• Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011. Klaus Schwab. World Economic Forum, Geneva Switzerland 2010.
• Lutkowski K. (2006). Problem międzynarodowej nierównowagi płatniczej. Ekonomista, 4, pp. 425-473.
• Rybiński K. (2006). Globalne nierównowagi, Ekonomista, 4, pp. 475-525.
• www.heritage.org/index/ranking.
• www.standardandpoors.com/ratings/sovereigns/ratingslist/en/us/?sectorName=G overnments&subSectorCode=39&start=0&range=50.