Zbrojenia morskie Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej

• Autorzy: Janusz Symonides

Warianty tytułu

Naval Armaments of the People's Republic of China

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

W początkach lat 90. ubiegłego stulecia Chiny z niepokojem obserwowały szybki postęp w zakresie wprowadzania we flotach państw rozwiniętych, a zwłaszcza amerykańskiej, nowych, zaawansowanych technologii wojskowych, zmieniających oblicze nowoczesnej walki na morzu. Z punktu widzenia chińskich strategów i wojskowych ich siły morskie zorientowane tylko na obronę wybrzeża wydawały się przestarzałe, nieadekwatne i słabe. Przywódcy ChRL wskazywali na konieczność przygotowania armii i marynarki wojennej do prowadzenia i zwyciężania w lokalnych wojnach, w nowoczesnych i zaawansowanych technicznie warunkach. W efekcie rozpoczął się proces modernizacji chińskich sił morskich, który uległ ogromnemu przyspieszeniu w XXI w. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The People's Republic of China has taken steps to modernize the naval forces, in response to rapid military development of navies of other world powers. Increasing military budget, which provides dynamic economic development of China, is the condition enabling modernization of the naval forces. The analysis presents directions, reasons, goals and effects of modernization of the Chinese naval forces and indicates its principal motives such as the question of Taiwan as well as territorial disputes in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. A particular challenge for development of the Chinese economy is protection of the sea lanes which allow secure trade and international communication. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Marynarka wojenna; Modernizacja; Przemysł obronny; Polityka międzynarodowa; Bezpieczeństwo międzynarodowe

EN

Navy; Modernization; Defense industry; International politics; International security

• Czasopismo: Stosunki Międzynarodowe
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 50
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 199--216

Twórcy

autor

Janusz Symonides

• Uniwersytet Warszawski

Bibliografia

• J. Symonides, Modernizacja i rozbudowa sił morskich Chin. Czy początek wyścigu zbrojeń na Pacyfiku?, "Kwartalnik Bellona" 2013, nr 3 (674
• People's Liberation Army Navy, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Liberation_Army_Navy (16.01.2013);
• United States of America, Department of Defense, Annual Report to Congress, Military and Security Development s Involving the People's Republic of China 2012, May 2012
• J. Head, The Rapid Growth & Modernization of the PLAN, http://www.jeffhead.com/redseadragon/planbuildup.htm (16.01.2013).
• Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, R. O'Rourke, China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities - Background and Issues for Congress
• International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, October 2010.
• R.J. Ahearn, Congressional Research Service, Rising Economic Power and the Global Economy: Trends and Issues for Congress, August 22, 2011
• China Leads Rise in Asia Military Spending: Study, October 15, 2012, http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ipVIz7XART_vwatEuM97N..., (05.03.2013).
• A.S. Erickson, Chinese Defense Expenditures: Implications for Naval Modernization, "China Brief', nr 10 z 16 kwietnia 2010 r.
• Military Budget of the People's Republic of China, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_budget_of_ the_People's_Republic of China (11.02.2013).
• G. Yansheng, China Won't Take Part in Arms Race, China Daily, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012-02/24/content-14680589.htm;
• Defense Ministry: China Will Not Instigate Arms Race, http://news.xinhuanet.com/English/china/2012-02/23/c_131427968.htm (11.02.2013).
• L. Yuan, China Is Fully Justified to Increase Its Military Spending, http://www.chinausfocus.com./print/?id=14568 (11.02.2013).
• K. Hille, China's First Aircraft Carrier Takes to the Sea, "Financial Times" z 10 września 2011 r.;
• Ch. Buckley, China Launches First Aircraft Carrier on Maiden Sea Trial, http://news.yahoo.com/chinas-first-aircraft-carrier-makes-maiden-sea-trial-000047792.html (10.02.2013);
• M. Barriaux, China's First Aircraft Carrier Makes Maiden Trip, Agence France-Press, htpp://news.yahoo.com/chinas-first-aircraft-carrier- starts-sea-trial-033213762.html (10.02.2013).
• First flight of J-15 off Liaoning, http://china-pla.blogspot.com (14.01.2013).
• Agence France-Presse, China to Build 2 More Aircraft Carriers, TaiwanDefenseNews.com (21.05.2012).
• L. Yan, China Plans Four Carrier Strike Groups, WantChinaTimes.com (30.11.2012).
• Office of Naval Intelligence, The People 's Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics, August 2009, s. 21.
• People's Liberation Army Navy, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ships_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy (16.01.2013)
• R. Kwong, New Destroyer Could be Chinese Sea Power Game-Changer, Asia Security Watch, New Pacific Institute, http://asw.newpacificinstitute.org/?=11500 (14.01.2013).
• D. Lague, New China Landing Vessels Point to Pacific Rivalry, Reuters.com (14.02.2012).
• J.M. Cole, China Confirms "Carrier Killer", "Jane's Defense Weekly" z 20 lipca 2011 r.
• A. Erickson, Facing A New Missile Threat From China, CBS News.com (28.05.2009);
• T. Capaccio, China Has "Workable Anti-Ship Missile Design". Pentagon Says, Blomberg.com (25.08.2011).
• B. Perrett, Imbalance of Power, "Aviation Week & Space Technology" z 18 lipca 2011 r.
• BBC News China, December 07, 2011, Hu Jintao Tells China Navy: Prepare for Warfare, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-16063607 (16.03.2013).
• S.S. Sandu, China'Naval Modernization: A Fundamental Change in its National Security Strategy?, http://ww.e-ir.info/2012/05/20/chinas-naval-modernisation-a-fundamental-change-in-its-national-security-strategy (15.03.2013);
• D. Shambaugh, Modernizing China's Military: Progress, Problems and Prospects, Berkeley 2002.
• J. Symonides, Spory terytorialne na Morzu Południowochińskim. Czy powrót "dyplomacji kanonierek"?, "Stosunki Międzynarodowe-International Relations" 2012, t. 46, nr 2
• J. Shen, China's Sovereignty Over the South China Sea Islands: A Historical Perspective, "Chinese Journal of International Law" 2002, t. 1.
• W.B. Helfin, Daiyou/Senkakau Islands Dispute: Japan and China, Oceans Apart, "Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal" 2000
• I. Johnson, China and Japan Bristle Over Disputed Chain of Islands, "The New York Times" z 8 września 2010 r.;
• M. McDonald, East Asia's Sea Disputes: Scar Tissue from War Wounds, "International Herald Tribune" z 16 sierpnia 2012 r.
• M. Fackler, Challenges for Abe As He Returns to Lead Japan, "International Herald Tribune" z 27 grudnia 2012 r.;
• Chine/Senkaku: Tokyo a mal géré la crise, http://www.lefigaro.fr/flashactu/2013/01/28/97001... (28.01.2013).
• http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2013/03/20... (27.03.2013).
• Morskie szlaki komunikacyjne określane są w języku angielskim jako "Sea Lines of Communications" (SLOC).
• J. Yuan, Emerging Maritime Rivalry in the South China Sea: Territorial Disputes, Sea-lane Security, "Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada" z lata 2012 r
• L. Buszynski, South China Sea: Oil, Maritime Claims, and U.S.-China Strategic Rivalry, "The Washington Quarterly" 2012, t. 35, nr 2
• J. Store, China's Malacca Dilema, Jameston Foundation, China Brief 6, April 12, 2006.
• P. Sokala, Wizja, polityka i siła w służbie wielkiej strategii Chin, Warszawa 2010
• J. Symonides, Nowe prawo morza, Warszawa 1986
• J.M. Cole, China's Navy in the Mediterranean?, "The Diplomat" z 30 lipca 2012 r.;
• J. Holslag, Naval Visits Accustom Mediterranean to New Role, "Global Times" z 1 sierpnia 2012 r.
• N. Li, The Evolution of China's Naval Strategy and Capabilities: From "Near Coast" and "Near Seas" to "Far Seas", "Asian Security" 2009, nr 2
• L. Huaqing, The Memoirs of Liu Huaqing, People's Liberation Army Press, Beijing 2004.
• U.S. Department of Defense, Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC), Version 1.0, January 17, 2012
• R. Gerin, China Has Blue-water Navy Ambitions, http://apdforum.com/en_GB/article/rmiap/articles/online/features/2013/01/29/china-b... (02.04.2013);
• K. Prasad, China'sBlue-WaterAmbitions, The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/chinas-blue-water-ambitions-7157 (02.04.2013).
• B. Willis, Chinese Naval Modernization: A Change in National Security Strategy?, www.e-ir.info/2013/02/02/Chinese-naval modernization-a-change-in-national-security-strategy (15.03.2013).