PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2008 | 38 | nr 3/4 | 107--124
Tytuł artykułu

Indie - "wschodzące" mocarstwo XXI wieku

Warianty tytułu
India - an emerging power in the 21st century
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
Indie - największe państwo w Azji Południowej, o bogatej tradycji i kulturze, demokratycznym systemie politycznym, zróżnicowane pod względem etnicznym, społecznym i religijnym - są ważnym uczestnikiem stosunków międzynarodowych. Wyznaczniki geograficzne, gospodarcze, militarne pozwalają nazwać je mocarstwem regionalnym. Odgrywają one dominującą rolę w Azji Południowej oraz w regionie Oceanu Indyjskiego. Nowa sytuacja geopolityczna po zakończeniu "zimnej wojny" oraz aspiracje mocarstwowe determinują aktywność Indii w świecie. Wzrost ich pozycji będzie miał znaczenie dla bezpieczeństwa regionalnego i międzynarodowego, dla kształtującego się porządku międzynarodowego. (fragment tekstu)
EN
Thanks to its economic reforms, modernized army, developing nuclear programme and geopolitical situation following the end of the Cold War, India can already be considered an emerging power in the 21st century. The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union altered the balance of power in international relations. Internal circumstances (the growth of Hindu nationalism, transformation of political party system) as well as external ones (rivalry with China and Pakistan, the aftermath of September 11, 2001) have influenced the evolution of Indian post- Cold War strategic thought. India has moved away from the Nehruvian tradition of non-alignment and moralizing in international relations, towards a pragmatic policy. One of its main objectives was to settle its relations with the world's major powers, especially with the only super-power - the USA, with Russia (its chief weapons supplier), and with China (its main, longtime adversary in Asia). The normalization of relationsare and an increase in trade with Beijing and Washington, are proof of India's stronger position in the international arena. Moreover, following the end of the Cold War, it became necessary to redefine the principles, on which India's role in the sub-region of South Asia was based. In the early 1990s, the government in New Delhi set out to improve relations, or to establish friendly relations with its direct neighbours. During a period of 15 years, India - thanks mainly to the economization of its foreign policy, its multilateralism and new directions of activity - managed to win over a growing number of countries to its aspirations. However, this does not change the fact that India still faces considerable challenges and constraints. They are connected with both internal (economic, cultural) and international (global, regional) factors, which adversely affect India's position on the international stage. There is a need for greater coherence in foreign policy, a more active policy towards developing countries, integration with the world economy, and closer relations with countries of the Asia-Pacific region (which can be achieved by joining APEC). India's foreign policy must be active and multilateral, and it should encompass instruments of trade policy. Furthermore, if India is to play an increasingly important role in the world, it must carry out necessary internal reforms, mainly in the fields of education and the economy. Fulfilling these conditions, especially the latter two, can determine if India will still be called a potential power, an emerging power, or as some describe it, a power that is "always emerging but never quite arriving". Improving the efficiency of the economy, further liberalization, increasing investment, better access to education - these factors will certainly contribute to advancing India's position, and they will also force its critics to acknowledge India's major-power status. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Tom
38
Numer
Strony
107--124
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • Uniwersytet Warszawski
Bibliografia
  • Human Development Report 2007/2008, United Nations Development Programme, New York and Geneva 2007.
  • J. Chiriyankandath, Realigning India: Indian Foreign Policy after Cold Wars, "The Round Table" 2004, nr 374.
  • V.P. Dutt, India's Foreign Policy in a Changing World, New Delhi 1999
  • S.P. Gordon, Perception, Politics and Security in South Asia: Compound Crisis of 1990, London and New York 2003
  • S. Triverdi, Politics of Regionalism in the World Economy, "India Quarterly" 2005, nr 2
  • M. Bhasin, South Asian Cooperation: Myths and Realities, "India Quarterly" 2006, nr 1.
  • N.K. Jha, Dynamics of India's Security and Foreign Policy: Responding to Challenges of South Asian Domestic Milieu, "India Quarterly" 2006, nr 4
  • Statement by Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh at the 13th SAARC Summit, http://pmindia.nic.in
  • Address by Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh to the 14th SAARC Summit - 03/04/2007, http://www.meaindia.nic.in
  • S.P. Cohen, India. Emerging Power, Washington 2001
  • Annual Report 2007-2008, Government of India, Ministry of External Affairs, New Delhi 2008.
  • P. Mann, India's Foreign Policy in the Post Cold Era, New Delhi 2000
  • J. Dixit, India's Foreign Policy and Its Neighbours, New Delhi 2001
  • F. Grare, A. Mattoo red., India and ASEAN: The Politics of India's Look East Policy, Singapore 2001.
  • H.V. Pant, India in the Asia-Pacific: Rising Ambitions with an Eye on China, "Asia-Pacific Review" 2007, nr 1
  • D. Scott, India's "Grand Strategy" for the Indian Ocean: Mahanian Visions, "Asia-Pacific Review" 2006, nr 2
  • K. Kłosiński (red.), Chiny-Indie. Ekonomiczne skutki rozwoju, Lublin 2008.
  • L. Foramonti, Different Facets of a Strategic Partnership: How the EU is Viewed by Political and Business Elites, Civil Society and the Press in India, "European Foreign Affairs Review" 2007, nr 4
  • H. Sharma, Security Imperatives for India in the Emerging Geopolitical Environment, "India Quarterly" 2001, nr 1
  • nr 4 "Contemporary India" 2005.
  • J. Zajączkowski, Evolution of the EU-India Relations at the Beginning of 21st Century. The Polish Perspective, "Yearbook of Polish European Studies" 2006, vol. 10, Warsaw 2007
  • M. Wysocka, Stosunki Indii z Unią Europejską na progu XXI w., "Azja-Pacyfik" 2007, t. 10
  • B. Vaughn, Indian Geopolitics, the United States and Evolving Correlates of Power in Asia, "Geopolitics" 2004, nr 2
  • C. Raja Mohan, India, Europe and the United States, w: K. Jain red., India and the European Union in the 21st Century, New Delhi 2002
  • C. Raja Mohan, Crossing the Rubicon. The Shaping of India's New Foreign Policy, New Delhi 2003,
  • A. Zdrada, Polityka Stanów Zjednoczonych wobec Indii, "Biuletyn PISM" z 27 września 2005
  • E.S. Medeiros, Strategic Hedging and the Future of Asia-Pacific Stability, "The Washington Quarterly", Winter 2005-2006
  • H.V. Pant, India and US-Iran Imbroglio: Difficult Choices Ahead, "Indian Journal of Asian Affairs" 2006, nr 1.
  • C. Raja Mohan, Balancing Interests and Values: India's Struggle with Democracy Promotion, "The Washington Quarterly", Summer 2007
  • A.B. Carter, America's New Strategic Partner?, "Foreign Affairs", July/August 2006
  • C. Raja Mohan, India and the Balance of Power, "Foreign Affairs", July/August 2006
  • S. Ganguly, India's Alliances 2020, w: M.R. Chambers red., South Asia in 2020: Future Strategic Balances and Alliances, Washington 2002
  • C. Raja Mohan, Impossible Allies: Nuclear India, United States, and the Global Order, New Delhi 2006
  • E. Bertsch, S. Gahlaud, A. Srivastava, Engaging India: U.S. Strategic Relations with the World's Largest Democracy, New York 1999
  • A. Tellis, Indo-U.S. Relations Headed for a Grand Transformation?, "YaleGlobal" z 14 lipca 2005
  • J.W. Garver, The China-India-U.S. Triangle: Strategic Relations in the Post-Cold War Era, Seattle 2002.
  • D. Twining, America's Grand Design in Asia, "The Washington Quarterly", Summer 2007
  • D. Mistry, A Theoretical and Empirical Assessment of India as an Emerging World Power, "India Review" 2004, nr 1
  • R. Budania, The Emerging International System: Threats, Challenges and Opportunities for India, "Strategic Analysis" 2004, nr 1.
  • A.P.J. Kalam, Y.S. Rajan, India: 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium, New Delhi 2003
  • K. Sundarjee, Vision 2100. A Strategy for the Twenty-First Century, New Delhi 2003.
  • A. Kundu, India's National Security under BJP/NDA: "Strong at Home, Engaged Abroad", "European Institute for Asia Studies. Working Paper" 2004
  • S.K. Mitra, The Reluctant Hegemon: India's Self-Perception and the South Asian Strategic Environment, "Contemporary South Asia" 2003, nr 3
  • A. Acharya, India and Southeast Asia in the Age of Terror: Building Partnerships for Peace?, "Con-temporary Southeast Asia" 2006, nr 2
  • M. Srivastava, NAM - A Beacon Light for the Third World Today, "India Quarterly" 2004, nr 3
  • A. Nafey, IBSA Forum: The Rise of 'New' Non-Alignment, "India Quarterly" 2005, nr 1
  • K. Sridharan, Explaining the Phenomenon of Change in Indian Foreign Policy under the National Democratic Alliance Government, "Contemporary South Asia" 2006, nr 1
  • N. Kurian, Emerging China and India's Policy Option, New Delhi 2001.
  • A. Narlikar, Peculiar Chauvinism or Strategic Calculation? Explaining the Negotiating Strategy of a Rising India, "International Affairs" 2006, nr 1
  • T.S. Rukmani, Hindu Diaspora. Global Perspectives, New Delhi 2001.
  • S. Tokarski, S. Bhutani, Nowoczesne Indie. Wyzwania rozwoju, Warszawa 2007
  • A. Adeney, A. Wyatt, Democracy in South Asia: Getting beyond the Structure-Agency Dichotomy, "Political Studies" 2004, nr 1
  • A. Narlikar, All That Glitters is not Gold: India's Rise to Power, "Third World Quarterly" 2007, nr 5
  • "India Now" 2006, nr 3.
  • J. Sachs, Koniec z nędzą, Warszawa 2006
  • Chopra, Neoliberalism as Doxa: Bourdieu's Theory of the State and the Contemporary Indian Discourse on Globalization and Liberalization, "Cultural Studies" 2003, nr 3
  • J. Bhagwati, In Defense of Globalization, Oxford 2004
  • A. Vanaik red., Globalization and South Asia, New Delhi 2004
  • B.R. Nayar, Globalization and Nationalism: The Changing Balance in India's Economic Policy, 1950-2000, New Delhi 2001
  • M. Khalid, Globalization: Some Aspects of Rationality, "India Quarterly" 1999, nr 1-2
  • I.K. Gujral, Viewpoint. Civilization, Democracy and Foreign Policy, New Delhi 2004
  • H.V. Pant, India's Nuclear Doctrine and Command Structure. Implications for Civil-Military Relations in India, "Armed Forces & Society" 2007, nr 2
  • H.V. Pant, A Fine Balance: India Walks a Tightrope between Iran and the United States, "Orbis", Summer 2007
  • X. Dormandy, Is India, or It Will Be, a Responsible International Stakeholder?, "Washington Quarterly", Summer 2007
  • Sagar, What's in a Name? India and America in the Twenty-First Century, "Survival" 2004, nr 3
  • A. Gupta, U.S.-India-China: Assessing Tripolarity, "China Report" 2006, nr 1
  • S. Tokarski, Edukacja, rozwój, demokracja. Indie na progu XXI wieku, "Afryka, Azja, Ameryka Łacińska", Warszawa 2006, t. 83
  • Venu, India-China-US Triangle: A 'Soft' Balance of Power System in the Making, "Working Report. Center for Strategic and International Studies", Washington 2002.
  • G. Tsebelis, Decision-Making in Political Systems: Veto-Players in Presidentialism, Parliamental- ism, Multicameralism, and Multipartyism, "British Journal of Political Science" 1995, nr 3
  • B. Raj Nayar, T.V. Paul, India in the World Order. Searching for Major-Power Status, Cambridge 2003.
  • Ch. Alden, M.A. Vieira, The New Diplomacy of the South: South Africa, Brazil, India and trilateralism, "Third World Quarterly" 2005, nr 7
  • N. Rodrigo, SAARC as an Institutional Framework for Cooperation in South Asia, w: Thakur, O. Wiggen red., South Asia in the World, Tokyo 2004
  • N.K. Jha, Dynamics of India's Security and Foreign Policy: Responding to Challenges of South Asian Domestic Milieu, "India Quarterly" 2005, nr 4
  • D.T. Hagerty, Introduction: South Asia in World Politics, w: D.T. Hagerty red., South Asia in World Politics, Oxford 2005
  • B.C. Upreti, Contemporary South Asia, New Delhi 2004
  • S.K. Mitra, Emerging Major Powers and the International System: Significance of the Indian View, "Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics. Working Paper" 2002, nr 9
  • B. Buzan, South Asia Mowing Towards Transformation: Emergence of India as a Great Power, "International Studies" 2002, nr 1
  • M. Srivastava, India as an Emerging Power: Report, "India Quarterly" 2006, nr 1
  • D. Wilson, Purushothaman, Dreaming with the BRICs: the Path to 2050, "Global Economics Paper", New York 2003, nr 99
  • P. Subacchi, New Power Centres and New Power Brokers: Are They Shaping a New Global Economic Order?, "International Affairs" 2008, nr 3
  • J. Edwards, Reengaging with the World, "Foreign Affairs", September/October 2007
  • R. Giuliani, Toward a Realistic Peace, "Foreign Affairs", September/October2007
  • D.W. Drezner, The New World Order, "Foreign Affairs", March/April 2007
  • The U.S. Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) jest dostępny na stronach internetowych - www.defenselink.mil/qdr/report/Report20060203.pdf
  • America, India and the China Bogey. A Price too High, "The Economist" z 2 sierpnia 2007
  • B.N. Kuzyk, J.W. Jakowiec, Ciwilizacii: Teoria, istoria, dialog, buduszczeje, Moskwa 2006
  • S.A. Karaganow, Russia, Europe and New Challenges, "Russia in Global Affairs" 2003, nr 1
  • F.N. Jurłow, Rossija i India w mieniajuszczemsia mirie, Moskwa 1998
  • J. Zajączkowski, Indie w stosunkach międzynarodowych, Warszawa 2008
  • A. Krawiec, Indie - supermocarstwo przyszłości?, "Dziś" 2006, nr 2
  • B.W. Zaleski, Indyjska polityka zagraniczna. Charakter, cele, zasady, źródła, "Stosunki Międzynarodowe" 1995, t. 17.
  • A. Virmani, A Tripolar Century: USA, China and India, "ICRIER Working Paper" 2005, March, nr 160
  • T.V. Paul, The U.S.-India Nuclear Accord, "International Journal", Canadian Institute of International Relations, 2007, nr 4
  • D.K. Srivastava, K. Sen Tapas, Government Subsidies in India, New Delhi 1997.
  • M. Li, Peak Oil, the Rise of China and India, and the Global Energy Crisis, "Journal of Contemporary Asia" 2007, nr 4.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171349769

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Musisz być zalogowany aby pisać komentarze.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.