Warianty tytułu
European Perspectives of Montenegro: "Long March" of a Small Republic
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Integracja europejska w wielu postkomunistycznych krajach Bałkanów Zachodnich wydaje się propozycją nie do odrzucenia. Szczególny historiozoficzny optymizm i tęsknota za "końcem historii", pragnienie zdystansowania się wobec lokalnych sporów i partykularyzmów, owocujących wojnami zarówno u progu XX wieku, jak i pod jego koniec, krach "projektu jugosłowiańskiego", wizja (często dość naiwna) wymiernych korzyści ekonomicznych, jakie stają się udziałem uczestników "projektu europejskiego", wreszcie świadomość, jak ograniczony jest potencjał gospodarczy i polityczny niewielkich państw, gdyby przyszło im występować w pojedynkę na arenie europejskiej czy światowej - wszystkie te elementy, w różnych proporcjach, składają się na przychylną, choć często bezrefleksyjną postawę społeczeństw Bałkanów Zachodnich wobec Unii Europejskiej (UE) oraz perspektyw pełnego członkostwa, i to niezależnie zarówno od obserwowanego od kilku lat w UE "znużenia akcesyjnego", jak i wstrząsów ostatnich kilku miesięcy, których konsekwencji nie sposób jeszcze oszacować. Nie inaczej dzieje się w przypadku Czarnogóry. (fragment tekstu)
In Montenegro, similarly to the majority of post-Communist states, the accession project enjoys the support both from the ruling political elite (which sees it as the chance for strengthening and legitimisation) and the majority of citizens (the support, though decreasing lately, still exceeds 70%), hoping for economic benefits but also for the distancing from the "Yugoslavian odium." In Montenegro the accession has comparatively high chances of success, among others due to the lack of controversies over territorial issues, or more serious disagreements in the relations with neighbouring countries and finally, because of a small size and population of the country, which reduces the cost of modernisation actions. The country's top position among the states striving for the EU membership is evident both from the status (since 17th December 2010 the country has been an official EU candidate) and the shape of the last annual EC report where it was admitted that 11 out of 35 chapters of the acquis demand "further serious efforts." However, it is no coincidence that the issues of political order and the judiciary are among the fields which undergo the strictest EC suggestions. That is so because one of the phenomena of Montenegro's political life is the fact that since the beginning of Yugoslavia's disintegration in the early 1990s the power has been in the hands of one political party (since 1991 its name is the Democratic Party of Socialists) whose leader is Milo Djukanović: fivetimes Prime Minister, two-times President and one of the richest politicians of the world. Although neither the formal system shape nor the range of revealed cases of the breaking of the opposition's political rights permits one to speak of a classic "political dictatorship," most commentators agree that there is a iunctum between the position of the governing party and the alarming scale of corruption. Another phenomenon which has a huge influence on the political order in the country (and might, although does not have to, be the reason for delays on the way to the accession) is the existence of a considerable (almost 30% of the population) Serbian minority, mostly critical towards the attempts to build or strengthen the "Montenegrin national identity," frustrated with the final separation of Montenegro from Serbia in 2006 and refusing the legality of Kosovo's proclaimed independence. The question of the full recognition of the status quo of the republic by Montenegrin Serbs and the stance that they may take regarding the regional tensions connected with the future of Kosovo or Montenegro, might be of great importance for the stability of the country. (original abstract)
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
155--175
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
- Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich
Bibliografia
- M. A. Vachudova, Europe Undivided. Democracy, Leverage, and Integration after Communism, Oxford 2000.
- The Western Balkans and the EU: "The Hour of Europe", J. Rupnik (ed.), June 2011, Brussels [Chaillot Papers No. 126].
- E. Gellner, Narody i nacjonalizmy, Warszawa 2009.
- Tradycja wynaleziona, E. Hobsbawm, T. Ranger (red.), Kraków 2009.
- Ž. Andrijašević, Crnogorska crkva 1852-1918. Studija sa zbirkom dokumenata o Pravoslavnoj crkvi u Knjaževini/Kraljevini Crnoj Gori, Nikšić 2008.
- J. Staniszkis, Postkomunizm: próba opisu, Gdańsk 2005.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171360251