Korporacje transnarodowe z krajów wschodzących w gospodarce światowej

• Autorzy: Artur Klimek

Warianty tytułu

Multinational Corporations from Emerging Countries in the Global Economy

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Zgodnie z  zamierzeniami autora wypełnieniem tej luki powinna być niniejsza publikacja, która powstała jako podsumowanie kilkuletnich prac badawczych dotyczących ewolucji korporacji transnarodowych z wybranych krajów wschodzących w  gospodarce światowej. Badania naukowe zostały sfinansowane przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki w ramach konkursu Sonata. Podstawowym celem tego projektu badawczego było zidentyfikowanie determinantów powstawania korporacji transnarodowych z krajów wschodzących oraz określenie efektów ich działalności. Pojawiła się także potrzeba nakreślenia nowych ram teoretycznych dla zbadania tego zjawiska. W opinii autora nie jest uprawnione stosowanie modeli opracowanych na przykładzie firm z krajów wysokorozwiniętych do wyjaśniania działalności korporacji transnarodowych z krajów wschodzących, nazywanych również wschodzącymi korporacjami transnarodowymi (WKTN). Nawet dodanie założenia o przesunięciu horyzontu analizy w czasie nie poprawia jakości modelu wyjściowego. Część opracowań naukowych dotyczących ekspansji zagranicznej przedsiębiorstw z krajów słabiej rozwiniętych jest nieaktualna i  nie może zostać odniesiona do dzisiejszych uwarunkowań. Spowodowa- ło to także, że w analizie tego zjawiska najczęściej stosuje się studia przypadków poszczególnych gospodarek. Autor zamierza wyjść poza te ramy i przedstawić spójny obraz dla wszystkich badanych gospodarek. Cele pomocnicze niniejszego projektu badawczego zostały podzielone na dwie kategorie: mikroekonomiczną i makroekonomiczną. Do pierwszej grupy można zaliczyć określenie pozytywnych i negatywnych implikacji dla podmiotów dokonujących bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych. Analizie poddane zostały również zmiany w funkcjonowaniu tych podmiotów wskutek ekspansji zagranicznej. Aby rozpatrywać efekty działalności "nowych" KTN, trzeba określić formy, w jakich podejmowana jest ekspansja zagraniczna tych firm, ponieważ bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych nie należy traktować jako jednolitego zjawiska. Zupełnie inne czynniki warunkują utworzenie nowego przedsiębiorstwa za granicą, a inne zakup istniejącego podmiotu w kraju docelowym. W ramach tego opracowania poszukiwana jest również odpowiedź na pytanie o kierunki przyszłej ekspansji i dziedziny, w których może ona być najintensywniejsza. Jednym z wątków jest również analiza wpływu korporacji transnarodowych z wybranych krajów słabiej rozwiniętych na działalność korporacji transnarodowych z  wysokorozwiniętych państw. Wynika to z faktu, że tym ostatnim podmiotom, o ugruntowanej pozycji rynkowej, wyrośli nowi i bardzo dynamiczni konkurenci. Musi to spowodować przedefiniowanie strategii podmiotów z krajów rozwiniętych w celu utrzymania swojej pozycji na globalnym rynku.(fragment tekstu)

EN

The development of multinational corporations from emerging countries (EMNEs) is a part of the profound changes taking place in recent years in the global economy. One of the main issues is the growing role of economies with lower levels of development. The uniqueness of this growth stems not only from its momentum. Important elements are related to the prevailing political regimes and the quality of the institutional environment. The evolution of emerging economies also affects multinational firms originating in those countries. On the one hand, the enterprises are using the change of attitude of the authorities towards the international expansion and their growing international ambitions. On the other hand, corporations are important tools in achieving political objectives of governments of home countries. The strongest companies have often been closely linked with the authorities. However, in recent years, particularly in emerging countries, they have become almost inseparable. Although the phenomenon of capital expansion of companies from emerging countries has been present in the international business for at least thirty years, there is still no coherent explanation of their activities. According to the author's intentions, the gap should be filled in by this publication, which is the result of several years of research on the evolution of transnational corporations from selected emerging countries in the global economy. The book presents a detailed picture of firms from the following countries: Brazil, China, India, Poland, Russia and Turkey. The criteria for the selection of these economies were to represent different regions of the world, different sizes of economies, different political systems and social conditions. The research was funded by the National Science Centre in the Sonata framework. The primary objective of this research project was to identify the determinants of the evolution of transnational corporations from emerging countries and to determine the effects of their activities. Additional objectives were divided into microeconomic and macroeconomic categories. The first group includes the identification of positive and negative implications for enterprises engaged in foreign direct investment. It also analyzes the changes in the organization as a result of expansion of these entities. The second group of objectives contains the assessment of the influence of corporations from emerging countries on macroeconomic development. The inflow of investments from emerging countries should be perceived differently from capital inflows from developed countries. The impact of the former investors on the labor market, transfer of technology and foreign trade has been completely different.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Korporacje; Przedsiębiorstwo międzynarodowe; Kraje rozwijające się; Gospodarka światowa

EN

Corporation; International enterprise; Developing countries; World economy

• Czasopismo: Monografie i Opracowania Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
• Rocznik: 2014
• Numer: nr 251
• Strony: 287

Twórcy

autor

Artur Klimek

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu

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