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2005 | 8 Obszary sukcesu na polskiej wsi=Success in the Poland's Rural Areas | 41--58
Tytuł artykułu

Przemiany na obszarach wiejskich w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej -sukcesy i niepowodzenia

Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Transformation in Agriculture in Middle Eastern Europe
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
Upadek systemu komunistycznego na przełomie lat 80. i 90. minionego wieku spowodował proces przemian na obszarach wiejskich Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej na płaszczyźnie politycznej, ekonomicznej i społecznej. Artykuł przedstawia w sposób syntetyczny przebieg przekształceń sektora rolnego oraz jego stan na początku wieku w krajach regionu.(abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
Restructurization of agriculture in Middle Eastern European countries is an important factor in the general political and economic transition in this part of Europe. Agriculture was always a significant component in development strategies of the former socialist countries. Models in transformation in agriculture were different in countries situated in the region. These dissimilarities were the result of the socio-economic and political situation in which these particular countries were found at the time. After World War II agricul-ture in Middle and East European countries was created by economic policy dependent on the Soviet Union. As a result until the beginning of 1990 in their national economies dominated public property of means of production. Key issues of agricultural transformation in Middle Eastern Europe are: privatisation of land and assets; satisfaction a request of former farmers and their heirs whose land had been col lectivised; restructuring of large-scale farms; implementation of market economy; development of individual farming (peasant farms); increase of efficiency of agriculture. Restructuring is both a political, economic and social process. Restructuring is political in that land privatization and farm restructuring are highly dependent on local politics, and continued debates about the strategy and the implementation of the reforms. It is economic in that restructuring must ensure the optimal organisation of farm. It is also social in that social structures which came into being during communist period were destroyed. The most striking social consequence is the loss of the agricultural labour force and high rate of unemployment connected with restructuring of large-scale farms. The development of individual farming is restricted due to the lack of tradition of independent management, lack of attitudes towards risk taking and the limitation of cap-ital. These factors favour the trend towards the formation of small farms or large neocollective and post-collective rural enterprises in Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldavia, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine.(original abstract)
Twórcy
  • Uniwersytet Wrocławski
Bibliografia
  • Amelina M., 2000, Why Russian Peasant Remain in Collective Farms: A Household Perspective on Agricultural Restructuring, Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 41,7, s. 483-511.
  • Carter F. W., Kaneff D., 1999, Rural diversification in Bulgaria, GeoJournal, 46, 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, s. 183-191.
  • Csaki C., Lerman Z., 1996, Agricultural Transition Revisited: Issues of Land Re-form and Farm Restructuring in East Central Europe and the Former USRR, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 35, Frankfurt (Main), s. 211-240.
  • Dabbert S., Kiihnle E., 1996, Structural Change without Precedent: The Integration of East German Agriculture into the EU-Market System - The Case Brandenburg, Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 35, Frankfurt (Main), s. 5-27.
  • Drgońa V., Dubcova A., Kramarekova H., 1998, Slovakia, [w:] D. Turnock (red.), Privatization in Rural Eastern Europe. The process of Restitution and Restructuring, Studies of Communism in Transition, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, Nort-hampton, MA, USA, s. 251-273.
  • FAOSTAT database, www.fao.org.com.
  • Grykień S., 2000, Przekształcenia struktury agrarnej wschodnich Niemiec, Czasopismo Geograficzne, 71, s. 23-42.
  • Grykień S., 2003, Transformacja rolnictwa ukraińskiego po roku 1991, Czasopismo Geograficzne, 74, s. 187-212.
  • Halamska M., 1998, Dekolektywizacja rolnictwa w Europie Środkowej i jej społeczne konsekwencje, IRWiR PAN, Warszawa.
  • Hall D., 1999, Rural diversification in Albania, GeoJournal, 46, 3, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, s. 283-287.
  • Kelm K., Harasani P., Stan field D., 2001, Land Privatization in Albania, [w:] Country Studies: Real Estate Privatization in Selected Eastern European and Eurasian Countries, Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, s. 5-22.
  • Koester U., 1996, The Legacy of Dualism in Agriculture of the FSU Countries as an Impediment to Transformation, Quartely Journal of International Agriculture, 35, Frankfurt (Main), s. 207-210.
  • Kovacs K., 1994, The Transition in Hungarian Agriculture 1990-1993. General tendencies, Background Factors and the Case of the "Golden Age", [w:] D. Symes, A. Jansen (red.), Agricultural Restructuring and Rural Change in Europe, Wageningen, s. 51-82.
  • Kulikowski R., 2002, Przemiany i zróżnicowanie przestrzennej produkcji rolnej w Polsce, Przegląd Geograficzny, 74, 3, s. 407-423.
  • Mydeł R., Groch J., 2000, (red), Przeglądowy Alias Świata, Europa, Część 1, Oficyna Wydawnicza Fogra, Kraków.
  • Nowa Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN, 1996, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
  • Overchuk A., 2001, Development of Private Landownership in Russia, in: Country Studies: Real Estate Privatization in Selected Eastern European and Eurasian Countries, Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
  • Shavrov S. A., Zharnovskay a A. A., 2001, Legal Forms of Privatization for Various Types of Land and Real Estate in the Republic of Belarus, [w:] Country Studies: Real Estate Privatization in Selected Eastern European and Eurasian Countries, Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
  • Stanfield D., Overchuk A., 2002, Notes on Agricultural Land in Russia, [w:] Country Studies: Real Estate Privatization in Selected Eastern European and Eurasian Countries, Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
  • Turnock D., (red.), 1998, Privatization in Rural Eastern Europe. The process of Restitution and Restructuring, Studies of Communism in Transition, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA.
  • Vćźnik A., 1999, Geograficke aspekty transformace zemedelstvi ćeske republiky, Habilitaćni Prace, Masaryk Univ., Brno.
  • Wilson O., 1996, Emerging Patterns of Restructured Farm Businesses in Eastern Germany, GeoJournal, 38, 2, s. 157-160.
  • World Economic and Social Survey, 1999, Trends and Policies in the World Economy, United Nations, New York, 1999.
  • Zgliński W" 2000, Dekoiektywizacja rolnictwa i jej skutki w postkomunistycznych krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, EUROPA XXI, 5, IGiPZ PAN, Warszawa, s. 27-40.
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171430162

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