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2018 | Vol. 24, No 2 | 71--84
Tytuł artykułu

Brexit: Benefits and Costs for the United Kingdom - Reflections for Observers in Europe

Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU structures creates a new chapter in the history of the European integration. For the first time, after several decades of steady and secure functioning of the EU, a split occurs. Lofty ideas about creation of strong, coherent, wealthier and safer Europe lose in the competition with economic indicators and the national interest of the United Kingdom. Brexit is an expression of the negative evaluation of the EU functioning by the British society. This opinion is grounded in difficulties of the EU with solving current economic, social and political problems of contemporary Europe, as well as in decreased cooperation among member states. The following most important reasons for Brexit should be mentioned: the uncontrolled inflow of immigrants, increased terror threat, loss of economic independence and national identity. It is also worth noticing the successful actions of right-wing politicians who used the situation to build their own vision of the state. Consequences of Brexit shall affect both the United Kingdom and the EU member states but also non-EU countries. They shall have political, economic and social dimensions. However, at the current stage of the negotiations, it is difficult to predict all effects of the decisions taken. According to analysts, the UK shall incur financial losses, competitiveness of economy will decline, GDP will go down, political relations with neighbour states will deteriorate. Brexit shall affect particularly these states which are close trade partners of the United Kingdom. Loss of the UK as one of the economic pillars of the EU shall influence the economic situation of the entire European Union. Brexit is also a crack in the EU image as an organization cherishing the values of solidarity and humanism. Individual interests of particular member states can be a contagious example. (original abstract)
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
71--84
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
  • John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland
Bibliografia
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  • Barbone, L., Green, M., Speckesser, S. & Broughton, A. (2017, January). Brexit implications for employment and social affair. Facts and figures, Brussels. Directorate General for Internal Policies. Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy. Retrieved July 25, 2017, from: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/595333/IPOL_STU(2017)595333_EN.pdf.
  • Barcz, J., Kawecka-Wyrzykowska, E., & Michałowska-Gorywoda, K. (2016). Integracja europejska w okresie przemian. Aspekty ekonomiczne. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
  • Barker, A. (2017, February). The €60 billion Brexit bill: How to disentangle Britain from the EU budget. Policy Brief, Centre for European Reform. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from: http://www.cer.eu/sites/default/files/pb_barker_brexit_bill_3feb17.pdf.
  • Batsaikhan, U., Kalcik, R., & Schoenmaker, D. (2017). Brexit and the European financial system. Policy Contribution, 4, 1-13. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from: http://bruegel.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/PC-04-2017-finance-090217-final.pdf.
  • Brexit -aspekty proceduralne wg stanu na 20.06.2017. (2017). Retrieved August 25, 2017, from: http://oide.sejm.gov.pl/oide/images/files/pigulki/brexit_2.pdf.
  • Brexit explained. Article 50 Bill. (2017). London: Institute for Government. Retrieved July 25, 2017, from: https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/article-50-bill.pdf.
  • Ceallaigh D. Ó (ed.). (2017, May). Brexit. A Status Report. Second edition. Dublin: Institute of International and European Affairs. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from: http://www.iiea.com/ftp/Publications/2017/BrexitStatusReport_26May.pdf.
  • Clarke, H. D., Goodwin, M., & Whiteley, P. (2017, February). Why Britain voted for Brexit: an individual-level analysis of the 2016 referendum vote. Parliamentary Affairs. Retrieved July 25, 20.2017, from: http://kar.kent.ac.uk/60902/.
  • EU expenditure and revenue 2014-2020. (2017). Retrieved September 19, 2017, from: http://ec.europa.eu/budget/figures/interactive/index_en.cfm.
  • European Commission (Directorate-General for Communication). (2016). UE a kryzys uchodźczy, Luxembourg: Publications Office. Retrieved August 23, 2017, from: http://publications.europa.eu/webpub/com/factsheets/refugee-crisis/pl/.
  • Eurostat. EU expenditure and revenue 2000-2015 data download. (2015). Retrieved September 30, 2017, from: internet-tables-2000-2015.xls.
  • Eurostat. Population on 1 January 2017. (2017). Retrieved September 30, 2017, from: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00001&plugin=1http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00001&plugin=1.
  • Eurostat. Unemployment rate-total. (2017). Retrieved September 25, 2017, from: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat.
  • Fehler, W., Cebul, K., & Podgórzańska, R. (2017). Migracje jako wyzwanie dla Unii Europejskiej i wybranych państw członkowskich. Warszawa: Difin.
  • Fiszer, J. M. (2016). Wady i zalety członkowstwa w Unii Europejskiej oraz nowe wyzwania dla polityki integracyjnej Polski. Politeja 4(43), 181-215.
  • Garapich, M. P. (2016). Brexit - fakty, mity, liczby. Możliwe konsekwencje wystąpienia Wielkiej Brytanii z Unii Europejskiej. Analiza głównych osi debat publicznych. Warszawa: Fundacja - Instytut Spraw Publicznych. Retrieved July 25, 2017, from: http://www.feswar.org.pl/fes2009/e-books/Brexit.pdf.
  • Gietel-Basten, S. (2016, December). Why Brexit? The toxic mix of immigration and austerity. Population and Development Review, 42, 4, 673-680.
  • Glencross, A. (2016). Why the UK voted for Brexit: David Cameron's great miscalculation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Janik, W. J., & Jaremczuk, E. J. (2017). Artykuł wprowadzający. Niekontrolowana migracja jako zagrożenie dla Europy - polski strach przed uchodźcami. W: E. J. Jaremczuk (red.), Migracje i kryzys uchodźczy w Europie. Rzeczywistość i wyzwania (s. 11-68). Poznań: FNCE.
  • Kokotovic, F., & Kurecic, P. (2017, Mart). The case of Brexit: an analysis of the political and economic factors. Journal of Economic and Social Development, 4(1), 28-39.
  • Kołodziejski, K. (2017, September). Europa na wirażu. Gazeta Bankowa, 10-14.
  • Łastawski, K. (2004). Od idei do integracji europejskiej, od najdawniejszych idei do Unii 25 państw. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej TWP.
  • List Premier Zjednoczonego Królestwa do przewodniczącego Rady Europejskiej notyfikujący decyzję o wystąpieniu z UE. (2017). Retrieved August 25, 2017, from: http://oide.sejm.gov.pl/oide/images/files/pigulki/brexit_dokumenty.pdf.
  • Malacain, M., (2017, May 17). Brexit and the EU budget. Synthesis, Notre Europe - The Jacques Delors Institute. Retrieved September 19, 2017, from: http://www.institutdelors.eu/media/brexitandeubudget-synthesisseminar-may2017.pdf?pdf=ok.
  • Miller, V., Lang, A., & Caird, J. S. (2017). Brexit: how does the Article 50 process work?, Briefing Paper, 7551. House of Commons Library. Retrieved August 25, 2017, from: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-7551
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
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