PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2020 | 56 | nr 4 | 324--338
Tytuł artykułu

Perception of formal and informal institutions by entrepreneurs in China, Morocco, and Germany - A cross-cultural pilot study

Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Introduction and Aims: Entrepreneurship and the business environment, in general, are being influenced by the existence of formal and informal institutions. This study focuses on the negative versus positive perceptions of Moroccan, Chinese, and German entrepreneurs to formal and informal institutions, and the associations of these perceptions with self-efficacy and market versus network orientation of the business environment. Methods: In a sample of n = 319 female and male entrepreneurs, we have examined similarities and differences in the perception of informal and formal institutions and their effects on self-efficacy and business strategy, while conducting t-tests and linear regressions. Results: In all three cultural contexts, both formal and informal institutions play a significant role because of different reasons. Conclusion: The nature of entrepreneurship is complex as both formal and informal institutional factors are differently associated with businesses. The results could enhance the understanding regarding the coexistence of formal or informal institutions within the business environments of different countries and the connections between business orientation and self-efficacy.(original abstract)
Rocznik
Tom
56
Numer
Strony
324--338
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
  • University of Applied Sciences Ludwigshafen, Germany
  • Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Casablanca, Morocco
  • University of Applied Sciences Ludwigshafen, Germany
  • University of Business and Society Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
  • MayConsult Worms, Germany
Bibliografia
  • Aidis, R., Mickiewicz, T. (2006), Entrepreneurs, expectations and business expansion: lessons from Lithuania, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 855-880.
  • Al-Awbathani, R., Malek, M.M., Rahman, S.A. (2019), The role of informal institutions in moderating the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial outcome expectations and entrepreneurial career choice: a conceptual perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 1-7.
  • Allik, J., Realo, A. (2004), Individualism-collectivism and social capital, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 29-49.
  • Bandura, A. (1982), Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency, American Psychologist, Vol. 37, pp. 122-147.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986), The forms of capital, in J. Richardson, (Ed), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education, Greenwood, Westport, CT, pp. 241-258.
  • Bozeman, B. (2000), Bureaucracy and red tape. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, (Print).
  • Bratton, M. (2007), The democracy barometers, formal versus informal institutions in Africa. Journal of Democracy, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 96-110.
  • Bukowski, A., Gadowska, K., Polak, P. (2014), Formal and informal rules of doing business in Poland in the context of accession to the European Union: an analysis of the institutional changes. Polish Sociological Review, Vol. 4, No. 188, pp. 475-508.
  • Bulkley, N., Van Alstyne, M.W. (2004), Why Information Should Influence Productivity MIT Sloan Research Paper. No. 4680-08, retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.518242
  • Eesley, C.E., Eberhart, R.N. Skousen, B.R., Cheng, J.L.C. (2018), Institutions and Entrepreneurial Activity: The Interactive Influence of Misaligned Formal and Informal Institutions. Strategy Science, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 393-407.
  • Coulthard, M.R., Loos, J.A.A. (2007), Networking, the missing link in firm based entrepreneurial orientation (EO) performance models. Kolehmainen, S. (Ed.), (pp. 1-21). International Council for Small Business Conference (ICSB), Finland.
  • De Castro, J.O., Khavul, S., Bruton, G.D. (2014), Shades of grey: how do informal firms navigate between macro and meso institutional environments? Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 8, pp. 75-94.
  • De Mel, S., McKenzie, D., Woodruff, C. (2013), The demand for, and consequences of, formalization among informal firms in Sri Lanka. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 122-150.
  • Estrin, S., Korosteleva, J., Mickiewicz, T. (2011), Which institutions encourage entrepreneurs to create larger firms? IZA Discussion Paper No. 5481. Institute for the Study of Labor.
  • Estrin, S., Meyer, K., Bytchova, M. (2006), Entrepreneurship in transition economies, in: M. Casson (Ed), Oxford handbook of entrepreneurship. (pp. 693-725). Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Estrin, S., Prevezer, M. (2010), A survey on institutions and new firm entry: how and why do entry rates differ in emerging markets? Economic Systems, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 289-308.
  • Getz, C. (2008), Social capital, organic agriculture, and sustainable livelihood security: rethinking agrarian change in Mexico, Rural Sociology, Vol. 73, pp. 555-579.
  • Gong, J.J., Suzuki, S. (2013), An empirical investigation of culture and Guanxi actions between China and Japan. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 375-380.
  • Gulati, R., Nohria, N., Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21, Special Issue, pp. 203-215.
  • Helmke, G., Levitsky, S. (2003), Informal institutions and comparative politics: a research agenda, Working Paper No. 307.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001), Culture's consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA (co-published in the PRC as Vol. 10 in the Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press SFLEP Intercultural Communication Reference Series, 2008).
  • Högberg, A. (2009), Formal and Informal Institutions in Asia. A Survey of Asian Corporate Governance. Jönköping International Business School (JIBS), Sweden, retrieved from http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:279299/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
  • House, R.J.P.J., Hanges, M., Javidan, P.W., Dorfman, W., Vipin, G. (2004), Culture, leadership, and organizations: the GLOBE study of 62 societies, Sage, Thousand Oaks.
  • Jerusalem, M., Schwarzer, R. (1999), Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Selbstwirksamkeit [Questionnaire for the measurement of self-efficacy], in: Ralf Schwarzer (Ed), Skalen zur Befindlichkeit und Persönlichkeit, Berlin Freie Universität, Institut für Psychologie, pp. 15-28.
  • Knack, S., Keefer, P. (1997), Does social capital have an economic payoff? A cross-country investigation, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 112, No. 4, pp. 1251-1288.
  • Kreiner, K., Schultz, M. (1993), Informal collaboration in R&D: the formation of networks across organizations, Organization Studies, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 189-209.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., Vishny, R. (1997), Legal determinants of external finance, Journal of Finance,Vol. 52, pp. 1131-1150.
  • Leković, V. (2011), Interaction of formal and informal institutions-impact on economic success, Economics and Organization,Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 357-370.
  • Mitchell, V.W., Schlegelmilch, B.B., Mone, S.D. (2016), Why should I attend? The value of business networking events, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 100-108.
  • Mitrega, M., Ramos, C., Forkmann, S., Henneberg, S. (2011), Networking capability, networking outcomes, and company performance. A nomological model including moderation effects. Paper presented at the IMP Conference, Glasgow.
  • Narver, J.C., Slater, S.F. (1990), The effect of a market orientation on business profitability, The Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, pp. 20-35.
  • North, D.C. (1991), Institutions, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.5, No. 2, pp. 97-112.
  • Papastamatelou, J., Busch, R., Ötken, B., Okan, E. Y., Gassemi, K. (2016), Effects of network capabilities on firm performance across cultures, International Journal of Management and Economics, Vol. 49, pp. 79-105.
  • Peng, M.W. (2003), Institutional transitions and strategic choices, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 275-296.
  • Putnam, R. (1993), Making democracy work: civic tradition in modern Italy. Princeton University Press. Princeton.
  • Rasmussen, E., Mosey, S., Wright, M. (2015), The transformation of network ties to develop entrepreneurial competencies for university spin-offs, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol. 27, No. 7-8, pp. 430-457.
  • Roche, J. (2005), Corporate governance in Asia, Routledge, New York.
  • Stephan, U., Uhlaner, L.M., Stride, C. (2014), Institutions and social entrepreneurship: the role of institutional voids, institutional support, and institutional configurations, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 46, pp. 308-331.
  • Triandis, H.C. (2001), Individualism-collectivism and personality, Journal of Personality, Vol. 69, No. 6, pp. 907-924.
  • Winiecki, J. (1998), Formal and informal rules in post-communist transition, Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice,Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 3-26.
  • Winiecki, J. (2000), Formal rules, informal rules, and economic performance, Acta Economica, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 147-172.
  • World Development Report. (2002), Building institutions for markets, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Wright, P.M., Gardner, T.M., Moynihan, L.M., Allen, M.R. (2005), The relationship between hr practices and firm performance: examining causal order, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 409-446.
  • Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z. (2006), Guanxi and organizational dynamics in China: a link between individual and organizational levels, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 67, pp. 375-392.
  • Zhao, H., Seibert, S.E., Hills, G.E. (2005), The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90, No. 6, pp. 1265-1272.
  • Zhou, L., Wu, W.P., Luo, X. (2007), Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: the mediating role of social networks, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, pp. 673-690.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171606851

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Musisz być zalogowany aby pisać komentarze.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.