Purpose: Changes taking place in the modern world, caused by the depletion of natural resources, and the resulting need to search for such production methods that lead to the minimisation of extraction and processing of primary raw materials, point to the need for a paradigm shift in business towards the implementation of closed material cycles. The aim of this article is to assess the extent to which Silesian enterprises are implementing initiatives related to the implementation of a circular economy with the use of the ReSOLVE model, a research framework that facilitates an overview and mapping of activities that form the basis for building circular business models. Design/methodology/approach: The study covered companies of different sizes (both SMEs and large entities) which operate in the Silesian Voivodeship. A non-probabilistic and purposive sample was selected, which ultimately included 36 companies (25 SMEs and 11 large companies). Findings: The study shows that the surveyed SMEs are much more active (when compared to large enterprises) in taking measures that, according to the ReSOLVE model, fall into the categories of Regenerate and Share. In turn, the advantages of large enterprises relate to, among other things, designing products to ensure their longer life cycle, reducing waste production and using systems/equipment that optimise resource consumption, recovering raw materials, implementing virtual services, and upgrading existing or using new technological solutions. In relation to large enterprises, the respondents indicated legal barriers as the most important, while in the SME group, market barriers, including in particular higher costs associated with the production of circular products, were mentioned. Originality/value: The study results presented in the article complement the previous literature on strategic directions, barriers and benefits while building circular business models. The key scientific contribution of the article is to confirm, in the reality of the Polish economy, the usefulness of the ReSOLVE model for identifying activities related to the implementation of a circular economy at the organizational level. (original abstract)
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