Regulacja monopolu naturalnego w teorii i praktyce

• Autorzy: Bożena Borkowska
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Scharakteryzowano monopol naturalny w ujęciu tradycyjnym oraz współczesnym. Omówiono tradycyjną koncepcję regulacji monopolu naturalnego: jej źródła inspiracji, sposób uzasadniania regulacyjnej funkcji państwa oraz dyskusje nad regułą wyznaczania cen w warunkach monopolu tradycyjnego. Poddano krytycznej analizie ekonomiczne modele regulacji (Stiglera, Peltzmana oraz Beckera) i możliwości ich zastosowania do wyjaśnienia regulacji rynków o właściwościach monopolu regularnego. Zanalizowano także koncepcje nowej regulacji rynków o właściwościach monopolu naturalnego, które pozwalają na pełniejsze wyjaśnienie państwowej regulacji rynków.

EN

The natural monopoly was characterized in the traditional and contemporary meaning. The traditional conception of the natural monopoly regulation was discussed: the inspiration sources, the way of justifying the states' regulating function and the discussions on the price fixing rule in conditions of the traditional monopoly. Economical models of the regulation (Stigler's, Peltzman's and Becker's) were subjected to the critical analysis, as well as the possibilities of their usage in explaining markets regulations with the properties of the regulating monopoly. Also, conceptions of the new markets' regulation for markets with the natural monopoly which allow better explanation of the state regulation of markets. (AT)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Monopol naturalny; Regulacyjna funkcja państwa; Regulacja ekonomiczna; Modele ekonomiczne; Grupa interesu; Ustalanie cen; Przegląd literatury

EN

Natural monopoly; Regulatory function of the state; Economic regulations; Economic models; Interest group; Price-fixing; Literature review

• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu. Seria : Monografie i Opracowania (nr 187)
• Rocznik: 2009
• Numer: nr 62
• Strony: 229

Twórcy

autor

Bożena Borkowska

Bibliografia

• Ackcrman B., Hassler G., Clean Coal/Dirty Air, New Haven, Yale University Press 1981; 1983.
• Adams H.C., Relations of the State to Industrial Action, [w:] Two Essays by Henry Carter Adams, Augustus M. Kelly, New York 1969.
• American Telephone & Telegraph. 1910 Annual Report, Alfred Mudge&Son, Boston 1911.
• Anderson DA., State Regulation of Electric Utilities, [w:] The Politics of Regulation, ed. J.Q. Wilson, Basic Books, Inc., New York 1980.
• Armstrong M., Cowan S., Vickers J., Regulatory Reform: Economic Analysis and British Experience, The MIT Press, Cambridge 1995.
• Armstrong M., Doyle Ch., Vickers J., The access pricing problem: A synthesis, "Journal of Industrial Economics" 1996, vol. 44, No 2.
• Armstrong M., Sappington D.E.M., Regulation, Competition, and Liberalization, "Journal of Economic Literature" 2006, vol. 44, No 2.
• Armstrong M., Vickers J., Welfare effects of price discrimination by the regulated monopolist, "Rand Journal of Economics" Winter 1991, vol. 22, No 4.
• Arrow K.J., A difficulty in the concept of social welfare, "The Journal of Political Economy" 1950, vol. 58.
• Atkinson S., Halvorsen R., The relative efficiency of public and private firms in a regulated environment: The case of U.S. electric utilities, "Journal of Public Economics" April 1986.
• Averch H, Johnson L.L., Behavior of the firm under regulatory constraint, "American Economic Review" 1962, vol. 52, No 2.
• Bailey E.E., Contestability and the designe of regulatory and antitrust policy, "American Economic Review" May 1981, vol. 72, No. 2.
• Bailey E.E., White L. J., Reversals in peak and off peak prices, "The Bell Journal of Economics" 1974, vol. 5, No 1.
• Banaszak B., Prawo konstytucyjne, C.H. Beck, Warszawa 2008.
• Barone E., Il ministerio dellaproduzione nel stato collectivista, "Giornale degli Economisti" 1908.
• Bator EM., The anatomy of market failure, "Quarterly Journal of Economics" 1958, No 72.
• Baumol W.J., Entrepreneurs hip: productive, unproductive and destructive, "Journal of Political Economy" 1990, vol. 98.
• Baumol W.J., Some subtle issues in railroad regulation, "International Journal of Transport Economics" 1983, vol. 10.
• Baumol W.J., Bailey E.E., Willig R.D., Weak invisible hand theorems on the sustainability of multiproduct natural monopoly, "The American Economic Review" 1977, vol. 67, No 3.
• Baumol W.J., Bradford D.F., Optimal departures from marginal cost pricing, "The American Economic Review" 1970, vol. 60, No 3.
• Baumol W.J., Panzar J.C., Willig R.D., Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York 1982.
• Baumol W.J., Sidak J.G., Toward Competition in Local Telephony, MIT Press, Cambridge 1994.
• Baumol W.J., Willig R.D., Contestability: Developments since the book, Oxford Economic Papers (suppl.) 1986, vol. 38.
• Beard T.R., Kaserman D.L., Mayo J.W., Regulation, vertical integration and sabotage, "The Journal of Industrial Economics" 2001, vol. 49, No 3.
• Becker G.S., A theory of competition among pressure groups for political influence, "Quarterly Journal of Economic" August 1983, vol. 98, No 3.
• Becker G.S., Ekonomiczna teoria zachowań ludzkich, Warszawa, PWN 1976.
• Becker G.S., Political competition among interest groups, [w:] Political Economy of Government, red. J.E. Shogren, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht 1989.
• Becker G.S., Public policies, pressure groups, and dead weight costs, "Journal of Public Economics" 1985, vol. 28, No 5.
• Beesley M.E., Privatization, Regulation and Deregulation, Routledge, London 1997.
• Beesley M.E., Littlechild S.C., The regulation of privatized monopolies in the United Kingdom, "Rand Journal of Economics" Autumn 1989, vol. 20, No 3.
• Bentley A.F., The Process of Government, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1908.
• Berg S.V., Roth W.E., Some remarks of residential electricity consumption and social rate restructuring, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1976, vol. 7, No 2.
• Berg S.V., Tschirhart J., Natural monopoly regulation: principles and practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1988.
• Bernstein M.H., Regulating Business by Independent Commission, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1955.
• Besley T., Case A., Does political accountability affect economic policy choices? Evidence from gubernatorial term limits, "Quarterly Journal of Economics" 1995, vol. 110, No 3.
• Boiteux M., La tarification des demandes en point: Aplication de la theorie de la vente au coüt marginal, "Revue Generale de l'Electricite" August 1949, vol. 58.
• Boiteux M., On the management of public monopolies subject to budgetary constraints, "Journal of Economic Theory" 1971, vol. 3.
• Boiteux M., Peak-load pricing, "Journal of Business" April 1960, vol. 33.
• Boiteux M., Sur la gestion des monopoles publics astreints a I'equlibre budgetaire, "Econometrica" Januar 1956, vol. 24, No 1.
• Bonbright J.C., Major controversis as to the criteria of reasonable public utility rates, Papers and Proceedings of the American Economic Association 1940, vol. 30.
• Bonbright J.C., Principles of Public Utility Rates, Columbia University Press, New York and London 1961.
• Borkowska B., Ewolucyjne koncepcje przedsiębiorstwa, "Ekonomista" 2004 nr 4.
• Borkowska B., Monopolizacja i demonopolizacja rynku telekomunikacji w USA, [w:] Mikroekonomia. Studia przypadków, red. B. Klimczak, A. Matysiak, Wydawnictwo AE, Wrocław 2003.
• Borkowska B., Nowa regulacja cen w elektroenergetyce, [w:] Zakres i formy interwencjonizmu państwowego we współczesnych systemach gospodarczych, red. D. Kopycińska, Print Group, Szczecin 2006.
• Borkowska B., Wpływ zrzeszeń gospodarczych na restrukturyzację i prywatyzację w sektorze paliwowo-energetycznym, [w:] Samorząd gospodarczy i zawodowy w procesie powstawania ładu rynkowego w Polsce, red. B. Klimczak, Wydawnictwo AE, Wrocław 2001.
• Braeutigam R.R., Optimal policies for natural monopolies, [w:] Handbook of Industrial Organization, vol. 2, eds. R. Schmalenee and R.D. Willig, Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., North-Holland 1989.
• Braeutigam R.R., Optimal pricing with international competition, "American Economic Review" 1979, vol. 69.
• Brennan G., Buchanan J.M., The Power to Tax: Analytical foundations of a fiscal constitution, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980.
• Brennan T.J. i in., A Shock to the System: Restructuring American's electricity industry, Resources for the Future, Washington (D.C.) 1996.
• Breyer S.G., Regulation and its Reform, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1982.
• Breyer S.G., Stewart R.R., Administrative Law and Regulatory Process, Little-Brown, Boston 1985.
• Brock G.W., Telecommunication Policy for the Information Age: From monopoly to competition, Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1994.
• Brock G.W., The regulatory change in telecommunication: The dissolution of AT&T, [w:] Regulatory Reform: What actually happened, eds. L.W. Weiss, M.W. Klass, Little Brown, Boston 1986.
• Brown S.J., Sibley D.S., The Theory of Public Utility Pricing, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1986.
• Caves R., Air Transport and its Regulators: An industry study, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1959.
• Choi K., A statistical test of Olson's model, [w:] The Political Economy of Growth, ed. D.C. Mueller, Yale University Press, New Haven 1983.
• Ciszewska B., Jak traci się miliardy, "Rzeczpospolita" 2002 (z 28.01).
• Clark J.M., Rates for public utilities, "The American Economic Review" 1911, vol. 1, No 3.
• Clarkson K.W., Muris T.J., Letting competition server consumers, [w:] Instead of Regulation, ed. R.W. Poole, Lexington Books, Lexington 1982.
• Clemens E.W., Price discrimination in decreasing cost industries, "American Economic Review" December 1941, vol. 31, No 4.
• Coase R.H., The marginal cost controversy, "Economica. New Series" 1946, vol. 13, No 51.
• Coase R.H., The regulated industries: Discussion, "American Economic Review" 1964, vol. 54.
• Coll S., The Deal of the Century, Atheneum, New York 1986.
• Collectivist Economic Planning, ed. RA. von Hayek, Routledge and Vegan, London 1935.
• Cournot A., Recherches sur les principes mathematiques de la theorie des richesses, Hachette, Paris 1938 (tłum. ang.: Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth, transl. N. i T. Bacon, Augustus M. Kelly, New York 1960).
• Crain W.M., Oakley L.K., The politics of infrastructure, "Journal of Law and Economics" 1995, vol. 38, No 1.
• Crandall R.W., Controlling Industrial Policy, Brooking Institution, Washington (D.C.) 1983.
• Crandall R.W., Hausman J.A., Competition in U.S. Telecommunications Services: Effects of the 1996 Legislation, [w:] Deregulation of Network Industries: What's next?, eds. S. Peltzman, C. Winston, Brookings Institution Press, Washington (D.C.) 2000.
• Czekański M., Firmy krytykują program, "Rzeczpospolita" 2006 (z 24.03).
• Dawson J.W., Institution, investment and growth: New cross-country and panel data evidence, "Economic Inquiry" 1999, vol. 36, No 8.
• De Alessi L., Property rights: private and political institutions, [w:] The Elgar Companion to Public Choice, eds. W.F. Shughart II, L. Razzolini, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Northampton (MA) 2001.
• Dec L., Na światłowodach można dobrze zarobić, "Rzeczpospolita" 2006 (z 30.11).
• Demsetz H., Information and efficiency: another viewpoint, "Journal of Law and Economics" 1969, No 12.
• Demsetz H., Why regulate utilities?, "Journal of Law and Economics" 1968, vol. 11.
• Deregulation of Network Industries: What's next. eds. S. Peltzman, C. Winston, Brookings Institution Press, Washington (D.C.) 2000.
• Dewey J.F., More is less? Regulation in a rent seeking world, "Journal of Regulatory Economics" 2000, vol. 18, No 2.
• Dimopoulos D., Pricing schemes for regulated enterprises and their welfare implication in the case of electricity, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1981, vol. 12, No 1.
• Dobroczyńska A., Juchniewicz L., Transformacja ustrojowa w polskiej energetyce. Od pełnego monopolu ku pełnej konkurencyjności, "Biuletyn Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki" 2005 nr 6.
• Downs A., An Economic Theory of Democracy, Harper & Row, New York 1957.
• Dupuit J., De la mesure de l'utilite des travaux publics, "Annales des Ponts et Chaussees", 1844 2nd series, vol. 8.
• Duverger M., Political Parties: Their organization and activity in the modern state, transl. B. North and R. North, John Wiley, New York 1954.
• Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady nr 2003/54/EC z 26 czerwca 2003 r. w sprawie wspólnych zasad dla wewnętrznego rynku energii elektrycznej, DzU UE Nr L 176 (z 15.07).
• Economides N., The incentive for non-price discrimination by an input monopolist, "Informational Journal of Industrial Organization" 1998, vol. 16, No 3.
• Edgeworth E Y., Applications of probabilities of economics, "Economic Journal" 1910, vol. 20, No 79.
• Edwards G., Wavcrman L., The effects of public ownership and regulatory independence on regulatory outcomes, "Journal of Regulatory Economics" 2005, vol. 29, No 1.
• Ekelund R.B. Jr., R.D. Tollison, The interest-group theory of government, [w:] The Elgar Companion to Public Choice, eds. W.F. Shughart II, L. Razzolini, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham-Northampton (MA) 2001.
• Ely R.T., Outlines of Economics, The Macmillan Company, New York 1937.
• Esfahani H.S., The political economy of the telecommunications sector in the Philippines, [w:] Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment. Comparative studies of telecommunications, eds. B. Levy, PT. Spiller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Farnham P.G., The impact of citizen influence on local government expenditure, "Public Choice" 1990, vol.64, No 3.
• Fairer T.H., The State of its Relation to Trade, Macmillan and Company, London 1902.
• Faulhaber G.R., Cross-subsidization: pricing in public enterprises, "The American Economic Review" 1975, vol. 65, No 5.
• Feldstein M.S., Equity and efficiency in public sector pricing: The optimal two-part tariff, "Quarterly Journal of Economics" 1972, vol. 86.
• Foster CD., Privatization, Public Ownership and Regulation of Natural Monopoly, Blackwcll, Cambridge (MA) 1992.
• Friedlacnder A., The Dilemma of Freight Transport Regulation, Brooking Institution, Washington (D.C.) 1969.
• Frisch R., The Dupuit taxation theorem, "Econometrica" 1939, vol. 17, No 2.
• Galal A., Chile: Regulatory specificity, credibility of commitment and distributional demands, [w:] Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment. Comparative studies of telecommunications, eds. B. Levy, P.T. Spiller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Garraty J.A., The New Commonwealth, 1877-1890, Harper&Row, New York 1968.
• Gdulewicz E., Kręcisz W, Ustrój polityczny Wielkiej Brytanii, [w:] Ustroje państw współczesnych, red. W. Skrzydło, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2005.
• Gilbert R.J., Kahn E.P, Competiton and institutional change in U.S. electric power regulation, [w:] International Comparisons of Electricity Regulation, eds. R.J. Gilbert, E.P. Vahn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Glazer A., McMillan H., Pricing by the firm under regulatory threat, "Quarterly Journal of Economics", 1992, vol. 107, No 3.
• Goldberg V.P., Regulation and administered contracts, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1976, vol. 7, No 2.
• Grochal R., Zasuń R., Walka o prąd, czyli jak rząd na odchodnym chce "zniewolić" ceny, "Gazeta Wyborcza" 2007 (z 13.11).
• Grossman S.J., Hart O.D., The costs and benefits of ownership: A theory of vertical and lateral integration, "Journal of Political Economy" 1986, vol. 94, No 4.
• Guash J.L., Granting and Renegotiating Infrastructure Concessions: Doing it right, World Bank, Washington (D.C.) 2004.
• Handbook of Industrial Organization, vol. 2, eds. R. Schmalensee, R.D. Willing, Elsevier Science Publisher B.V., North-Holland 1989.
• Harbeson R.W., Railroads and regulation, 1877-1916: Conspiracy or public interest?, "Journal of Economic History" June 1967, vol. 27.
• Hart O.D., Moore J., The property rights and the nature of the firm, "Journal of Political Economy" 1990, vol. 98.
• Hausman J.A., Sidak J.G., A consumer-welfare approach to mandatory unbundling of telecommunications networks, "Yale Law Journal" December 1999, vol. 109.
• Hausman J. A., Valuing the effect of regulation on new services in telecommunication, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1997.
• Hayashi P., Sevier M., Tranpani J., An analysis of pricing and production efficiency of electric utilities by mode of ownership, [w:] Regulating Utilities in an Era of Deregulation, ed. M. Crew, Praeger, New York 1987.
• Henderson A.M., The pricing of public utility undertakings, Manchester School of Economics and Social Studies 1947, vol. 15.
• Henisz W.J., The institutional environment for infrastructure investment, "Industrial and Corporate Change" 2002, vol. 11, No 2.
• Henisz W.J., Zelner B.A., Interest groups, political institutions and electricity investment, mimeo, "Journal of Economics and Management Strategy" 2001, vol. 10, No 9.
• Henisz W.J., Zelner B.A., The institutional environment for telecommunications investment, "Journal of Economics and Management Strategy" 2001, vol. 10, No 9.
• Hill A., Abdala M.A., Argentina: The sequencing of privatization and regulation, [w:] Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment. Comparative studies of telecommunications, eds. B. Levy, PT. Spiller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Hillman J.J., Braeutigam R.R., Price Level Regulation for Diversified Public Utilities, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht 1989.
• Hirshleifer J., Peak loads and efficient pricing: Comment, "The Quarterly Journal of Economics" August 1958, vol. 72, No 3.
• Hopkinson J., The cost of electric Supply, "Transactions of Society" 1892, vol. Ill (za Lewis W.A., The two-part tariff, "Economica. New Series" 1941, vol. 8, No 31).
• Horwitz R.B., The Irony of Regulatory Reform. The deregulation of American telecommunications, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1989.
• Hotelling H, The general welfare in relation to problems of taxation and of railway and utility rates, "Econometrica" 1938, vol. 6, No. 3.
• http://www.corp.att.com/history.
• http://www.uke.gov.pl/uke/index.jps?place=Lead01&newscat_id=133&layout=l&page=text.
• Hush-A-Phone Corporation v. U.S. and FCC, 238 F. 2d 266 art. 269 (1956).
• In the Matter of Hush-A-Phone Corporation v. U.S. and FCC, 238F. 2d 266 at. 269 (1956).
• In the Matter of Use of the Carterfon Device in Message Toll Telephone Service, Initial Decision of the Hearing Examiner, 13 FCC 2d 434 (1967).
• International Comparisons of Electricity Regulation, eds. R.J. Gilbert, E.P. Kahn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Ippolito RA., Mason R.T., The social cost of government regulation of milk, "Journal of Law and Economics" April 1978, vol. 21.
• James E.J., 77ie agitation for the federal regulation of railways, "American Economic Association" 1887, vol. 2, No 3.
• Jordan W.A., Produces protection, prior market structure and the effects of government regulation, "Journal of Law and Economics" 1972, vol. 15.
• Joskow P.L., A Behavioral Theory of Public Utility Regulation, New Haven: unpublished Ph.D. diss., Yale University 1972.
• Joskow P.L., Deregulation and regulatory reform in the U.S. electric power sector, [w:] Deregulation of Network Industries: What's next?, eds. S. Peltzman, C. Winston, Brookings Institution Press, Washington (D.C.) 2000.
• Joskow P.L., Introducing competition into regulated network industries: From hierarchies to markets in electricity, "Industrial and Corporate Change" 1996, vol. 5, No 2.
• Joskow P.L., Noll R.G., Regulation in theory and practice: an overview, [w:] Studies in Public Regulation, ed. G. Fromm, The MIT Press, Cambridge 1981.
• Kahn A.E., The Economics of Regulation: Principles and Institutions, The MIT Press, Cambridge 1989.
• Kahn R.F., Some notes of ideal output, "Economic Journal" 1935, vol. 45, No 177.
• Kamerschen D.R., Keenan D.C, Caveats on applying Ramsey pricing, [in:] Current Issues in Public Utility Economics, eds. A.L. Danielsen, D.R. Kamerschen, Heath (D.C), Lexington (MA) 1983.
• Kaserman D.L., Mayo J.W., Determinants of vertical integration: An empirical test, "Journal of Industrial Economics" 1991, vol. 39, No 5.
• Klein P.G., The make-or-buy decision: Lessons from empirical studies, [w:] Handbook of Institutional Economics, eds. C. Menard, M.M. Shirley, Springer, Dordrecht 2005.
• Klimczak B., Teoretyczne podstawy badania działań grup interesu na rzecz ładu rynkowego, [w:] Samorząd gospodarczy i zawodowy w procesie powstawania ładu rynkowego w Polsce, red. B. Klimczak, Wydawnictwo AE, Wrocław 2001.
• Kolko G., Railroads and Regulation, 1877-1916, Princeton, Princeton University Press, New York 1965.
• Kozak M., Nitecka J., Panek A., Ekonomiczne i prawne aspekty rozwiązania kontraktów długoterminowych w Polsce, [w:] Polska w rozszerzonej Unii Europejskiej uwarunkowania i perspektywy rozwoju, t. 1, red. M. Klamut, E. Pancer-Cybulska, Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej we Wrocławiu nr 1031, AE, Wrocław 2004.
• Krętymi drogami do prywatyzacji Elektrowni " Rybnik "SA, rozmowa z J. Chachułą, prezesem zarządu, "Rzeczpospolita" 2001 (z 19.06). Kruger A.O., The political economy of the rent-seeking society, "American Economic Review" June 1974, vol. 64.
• Kwoka J.E., Power Structure. Ownership, Integration, and Competition in the U.S. Electric Industry, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Boston 1996.
• Laffont J.J., Tirole J., Competition in Telecommunications, The MIT Press, Cambridge 2000.
• Laffont J.J., Tirole J., The politics of government decission-making: A theory of regulatory capture, "Quarterly Journal of Economics" November 1991, vol. 106, No 4.
• Leland H., Meyer R., Monopoly pricing structure with imperfect discrimination, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1976, vol. 7, No 2.
• Lerner A.P., The concept of monopoly and the measurement of monopoly power, "The Review of Economic Studies" 1934, vol. 1, No 3.
• Levine M.E., Is regulation necessary? California air transportation and national regulatory policy, "Yale Law Journal" 1965, vol. 74.
• Levy B., Spiller P.T., A framework for resolving the regulatory problem, [w:] Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment. Comparative studies of telecommunications, eds. B. Levy, P.T. Spiller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Levy B., Spiller P.T, The institutional foundations of regulatory commitment: A comparative analysis of telecommunications regulation, "Journal of Law, Economics and Organization" 1994, vol. 10, No 2.
• Lewis W.A., The two-part tariff, "Economica. New Series" 1941, vol. 8, No 31.
• Lipsey R.G., Lancaster K, The general theory of second best, "The Review of Economic Studies" 1956, vol. 24.
• Littlechild S.C, Regulation of British Telecommunications Profitability, HMSO, London 1983.
• Littlechild S.C, Two-part tariffs and consumption externalities in public sector pricing: The optimal two-part tariff, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1975, vol. 6.
• Locke J., Dwa traktaty o rządzie, PWN, Warszawa 1992.
• Lowry E.D., Justification for regulation: The case for natural monopoly, "Public Utilities Fortnightly" November 1973, No 8.
• Łakoma A., Ceny prądu problemem rządu, "Rzeczpospolita" 2009 (z 20.02).
• MacAvoy P. W., The Economic Effects of Regulation: The trunkline railroad cartels and the ICC before 1900, MIT Press, Cambridge 1965.
• MacAvoy P.W., Sloss J., Regulation of Transport Innovation: The ICC and Unit Coal Trains to the East Coast, Random House, New York 1967.
• MacDonald F., Insull, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1962.
• Mandy D.M., Killing the goose that may have laid the golden egg: Only the date know whether sabotage pays, "Journal of Regulatory Economics" 2000, vol. 17, No 2.
• Mankiw N.G., Whinston M.D., Free entry and social inefficiency, "Rand Journal of Economics" 1986, vol. 17, No 1.
• Marshall A., Principles of Economics, MacMillan Co., London 1936.
• Marvel H.P., Factory regulation a reinterpretation of early English experience, "Journal of Law and Economics" 1977, vol. 20.
• McChesney F.S., Money for Nothing: Politicians, rent extraction and political extortion, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1977.
• Meade J.E., Price and output policy of state enterprise, "The Economic Journal" 1944, vol. 54, No 215/216.
• Meyer J.R. i in., The Economics of Competition in the Transportation Industries, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1959.
• Meyer R.A., Monopoly pricing and capacity choice under uncertainty, "American Economic Review" 1975, vol. 65.
• Mill J.S., Principles of Political Economy, Longmans, Green and Company, London 1909.
• Mitchell W.C., Virginia, Rochester, and Bloomington: twenty-five years of public choice and political science, "Public Choice" 1988, vol. 56.
• Moore T.G., Rail and trucking deregulation, [w:] Regulatory Reform. What actually happened, eds. L.W. Weiss i M.W. Klass, Little, Brown and Company, Boston-Toronto 1986.
• Morris Ch.R., Giganci. Jak Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeler, Jay Gould i J.P Morgan stworzyli amerykańską supergospodarkę, Wydawnictwo Helion, Gliwice 2006.
• Mueller D.C, Public Choice II, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Murrell P., The comparative structure of growth in the West Germany and British manufacturing industries, [w:] The Political Economy of Growth, ed. Mueller D.C, Yale University Press, New Haven (CT) 1983.
• Nader Report, 1960 (fragmenty cytowane w: Clarkson K.W., Muris T.J., Letting competition server consumers, [w:] Instead of Regulation, ed. RW. Poole, Lexington Books, Lexington 1982).
• Naftel J.M., The natural death of natural monopoly: competition in EC telecommunications after the Telecommunications Terminals Judgment, "European Competition Law Review", 1993.
• Newbery D.M., Privatization, Restructuring, and Regulation of Network Utilities, The MIT Press, Cambridge 2000.
• Ng Y, Weisser M., Optimal pricing with a budget constraint - The case of the two-part tariff, "Review of Economics Studies" 1974 vol. 41. Niklewicz K., Niebezpieczna zabawa z prądem, "Gazeta Wyborcza" 2004 (z 29.12).
• Niklewicz K., Unia likwiduje złotą akcję, "Gazeta Wyborcza" 2007 (z 24.10).
• Noll R.G., Comments and discussion, [w:] Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, eds. M.N. Baily, C. Winston, The Brookings Institution, Washington (D.C) 1989.
• North D.C, Institutions and economic performance, [w:] Rationality Institutions and Economic Methodology, eds. U. Mäki, B. Gustafsson and Ch. Knudsen, Routledge, London-New York 1993.
• Oi W.Y., A Disneyland dilemma: Two-part tariffs for Mickey Mouse monopoly, "Quarterly Journal of Economics" 1971, vol. 85.
• Olson M., The Logic of Collective Action: Public goods and the theory of groups, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1965.
• Olson M., The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic growth, stagflation and social rigidities, Yale University Press, New Haven 1982.
• Olson M., Zeckhauser R., An economic theory of alliances, "Review of Economic and Statistics" 1966, No 48.
• Ordover J.A., Panzar J.C., On the nonexistence of Pareto superior outlay schedules, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1980, vol. 11, No 5.
• Orłowski W., Skrzydło W., Ustrój polityczny Republiki Włoskiej, [w:] Ustroje państw współczesnych, red. W. Skrzydło, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2005.
• Owen B.M., Willig R.D., Economics and postal pricing policy, [w:] The Future of the Postal Service, ed. J. Fleishman, Praeger, New York 1981.
• Panzar J.C., Willig R.D, Economies of scope, "The American Economic Review" May 1981, vol. 71, No 2.
• Panzar J.C., Willig R.D., Free entry and the sustainability of natural monopoly, "Bell Journal of Economics" Spring 1977, vol. 81.
• Pashigian B.P., Environmental regulation: Whose self-interests are being protected?, "Economic Inquiry" 1985, vol. 23.
• Paul C.W., Competition in the medical profession: An application of the economic theory of regulation, "Southern Economics Journal" January 1982, vol. 48.
• Peltzman S., An economic interpretation of the history of congressional voting in twentieth century, Center for the study of the Economy and the State, University of Chicago, Chicago 1983.
• Peltzman S., Toward a more general theory of regulation, "Journal of Law and Economics", August 1976, vol. 19.
• Persson T., Tabellini G., Constitutions and economic policy, "Journal of Economic Perspective" 2004, vol. 18, No 1.
• Persson T., Tabellini G., Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy, MIT Press, Cambridge 2000.
• Persson T., Tabellini G., Economic Effect of Constitutions, MIT Press, Cambridge 2003.
• Persson T., Tabellini G., Trebbi F., Electoral rules and corruption, "Journal of European Economic Association" 2003, vol. 1, No 4.
• Pierce R.J., Allison G.D., Martin P.A., Economic Regulation: Energy, Transportation and Utilities, Michie, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis 1980.
• Pigou A.C., The Economics of Welfare, Macmillan, London 1932.
• Pigou A.C., Wealth and Welfare, MacMillan, London 1912.
• Political Economy of Government, ed. J.F. Shrogen, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht 1989.
• Political Economy of Growth, Yale University Press, New Haven (CT) 1983.
• Posner R.A., Natural monopoly and its regulation, "Stanford Law Review" February 1969.
• Posner R.A., Theories of economic regulation, "Bell Journal of Economic" Autumn 1974, vol. 5.
• Posner R.A., The social costs of monopoly and regulation, "Journal of Political Economy" 1975, vol. 83, No 4.
• Postal and Delivery Services: Pricing, Productivity Regulation and Strategy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 2002.
• Poznański P., Sąd znów każe sprawdzić powołanie prezesa UKE, "Gazeta Wyborcza" 2007 (z 30.10).
• Poznański P., TP SA liczy bez błędów, ale za drogo - twierdzi UKE, "Gazeta Wyborcza" 2007 (z 2.11).
• Purcell E.A., Jr., Ideas and interests: businessmen and the interstate commerce Act, "Journal of American History" December 1967, vol. 54.
• Ramsey F., A contribution to the theory of taxation, "Economic Journal" 1927, vol. 37, No 145.
• Raport o zasadności podziału TP, http://www.urtip.gov.p1/_gAllery/13/53/13539/Analiza_funkcjonalnej_separacji_TP.pdf (02.12.2008).
• Readings in Welfare Economics, George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London 1969.
• Regulating Utilities in an Era of Deregulation, Praeger, New York 1987.
• Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment. Comparative studies of telecommunications, eds. B. Levy, P.T. Spiller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Rozporządzenie Ministra Gospodarki z 3 grudnia 1998 r. w sprawie szczegółowych zasad kształtowania i kalkulacji taryf oraz zasad rozliczeń w obrocie energią elektryczną, w tym rozliczeń z indywidualnymi odbiorcami w lokalach (DzU nr 153, poz. 1002).
• Rozporządzenie Ministra Gospodarki, Pracy i Polityki Społecznej z 23 kwietnia 2004 r. w sprawie szczegółowych zasad kształtowania i kalkulacji taryf oraz rozliczeń w obrocie energię elektryczną (DzU nr 105, poz. 1114).
• Ruggles N., Recent developments in the theory of marginal cost pricing, "The Review of Economic Studies" 1949-1950, vol. 17, No 2.
• Ruggles N., The welfare basis of the marginal cost pricing principle, "The Review of Economic Studies" 1949-1950, vol. 17, No 1.
• Samuelson P.A., The Foundations of Economic Analysis, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1947.
• Samuelson P.A., The pure theory of public expenditure, "Review of Economics and Statistics" 1954, No 36.
• Samuelson W.F., Marks S.G., Ekonomia menedżerska, Warszawa, PWE 1998.
• Saussier S., Transaction costs and contractual incompleteness: The case of Electricity de France, "Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization" 2000, vol. 42.
• Schmalensee R., The Control of Natural Monopolies, Lexington Books, Lexington (MA) 1979.
• Schwert G.W., Public regulation of national securities exchange: A test of the capture hypothesis, "Bell Journal of Economics" Spring 1977, vol. 8.
• Sharkey W.W., The Theory of Natural Monopoly, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1982.
• Shepherd L., Licensing restrictions and the cost of dental care, "Journal of Law and Economics" April 1978, vol.21.
• Sherman R., George A., Second best pricing for the U.S. postal services, "Southern Economic Journal" 1979, vol.45.
• Sherman R., Visscher M.L., Rate of return regulation and two-part tariffs, "Quarterly Journal of Economics" 1982, vol. 97.
• Shleifer A., A theory of yardstick competition, "Rand Journal of Economics" Autumn 1985, vol. 16, No 3.
• Shughart W.F. II, Razzolini L., Introduction: Public choice of the millennium, [w:] The Elgar Companion to Public Choice, eds. W.F. II Shughart, L. Razzolini, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Northampton (MA) 2001.
• Shy O., The Economics of Network Industries, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2001.
• Sidak G., Spulber D., Deregulatory takings and breach of the regulatory contract, "New York University Law Review" 1996, vol. 4.
• Słojewska A., Podatkiem w unijnych trucicieli, "Rzeczpospolita" 2007 (z 29.03).
• Spann R., Ericson E.W, The economics of railroading: The beginning of cartelization and regulation, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1970, vol. 1.
• Spence A.M., Multi-product quantity dependent prices and profitability constrains, "Review of Economic Studies" 1981, vol. 47, No 5.
• Spiller P.T, Sampson C.I., Telecommunications regulation in Jamajka, [w:] Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment. Comparative studies of telecommunications, eds. B. Levy, P.T. Spiller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Spiller P.T., Tommasi M., The institutions of regulation. An application to public utilities, [w:] Handbook of New Institutional Economics, eds. C. Menard, M.M. Shirley, Springer, Dordrecht 2005.
• Spiller P.T., Vogelsang I., The United Kingdom: A pacesetter in regulatory incentives, [w:] Regulations, Institutions, and Commitment. Comparative studies of telecommunications, eds. by B. Levy, P.T. Spiller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996.
• Spulber D.F., Regulation and Markets, The MIT Press, Cambridge 1989.
• Steiner P.O., Peak loads and efficient pricing. "The Quarterly Journal of Economics" November 1957, vol. 71, No 4.
• Stigler G.J., Free riders and collective action: An appendix to theories of economic regulation, "Bell Journal of Economics" Autumn 1974, vol. 5.
• Stigler G.J., The theory of economic regulation, "Bell Journal of Economics" Spring 1971, No 2.
• Stigler G., Friedland C, What can regulators regulate? The case for electricity, "Journal of Law and Economics" October 1962, vol. 5.
• Temin P., Galambas L., The Fall of the Bell System: A study in prices and politics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1987.
• Tollison R.D., Rent seeking, [w:] Perspectives of Public Choice: A handbook, ed. D.C. Mueller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (MA) 1997.
• Toward a Theory of the Rent-seeking Society, eds. J.M. Buchanan, R.D. Tollison, G. Tullock, Texas A&M University Press, College Station 1980.
• Train K.E., Optimal Regulation: The Economic Theory of Natural Monopoly, The MIT Press, Cambridge 1995.
• Truman D.B., The Governmental Process: Political Interest and Public Opinion, Knopf, New York 1951.
• Tsebelis G., Decision-making in political systems: veto players in presidentalism, parliamentarism, multicameralism and multiparty ism, "British Journal of Political Science" 1995, vol. 25, No 10.
• Tsebelis G., Veto players and law production in parliamentary democracies, "American Political Science Review" 1999, vol. 93, No 5.
• Tullock G., The welfare costs of tariffs, monopolies and theft, "Western Economic Journal" June 1967, vol. 5.
• Ulrich A., Furtan W.W., Schmitz A., The cost of a licensing system regulation: An example from Canadian prairie agriculture, "Journal of Political Economy" February 1987, vol. 95.
• Ustawa Prawo energetyczne z 10 kwietnia 1997 r. (DzU nr 54, poz. 348). Ustawa z 21 lipca 2000 r. Prawo telekomunikacyjne (DzU nr 73, poz. 852).
• Vail T.N., Some trust and some conclusions. Speech to Vermont State Grange, 14 December, 1915, AT&T Historical File, New York.
• van Bastelaer T., The political economy of food pricing: An extended empirical test of the interest group approach, "Public Choice" 1998, No 96.
• Vedder R., Gallaway L., Rent seeking, distributional coalitions, taxes, relative prices and growth, "Public Choice" 1986, vol. 51.
• Vickers J., Competition and regulation in vertically related markets, "Review of Economic Studies" 1995, vol. 62.
• Vogelsang I., Incentive regulation and competition in public utility markets: A 20-year perspective, "Journal of Regulatory Economics" 2002, vol. 22, No 1.
• Walras L., Etudes d'economie politique appliquee. Theories de la production de la richesse sociale, F. Rouge, Lausanne 1936.
• Wenders J.T., Peak load pricing in the electric utility industry, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1976, vol. 7, No 1.
• Williamson O.E., Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discreet structural alternatives, "Administrative Science Quarterly" 1991, vol. 36, No 2.
• Williamson O.E., The Economic Institution of Capitalism: Firms, markets, relational contracting, The Free Press, New York 1985.
• Williamson O.E., Ekonomiczne instytucje kapitalizmu, Warszawa, PWN 1998.
• Williamson O.E., Franchise bidding for natural monopolies - in general and with respect to CATV, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1976, vol. 7, No 1.
• Williamson O.E., Peak-load pricing and optimal capacity under indivisibility constraints, "The American Economic Review" September 1966, vol. 56, No 4.
• Willig R.D., Consumer's surplus without apology, "American Economic Review" 1976, vol. 66, No 4.
• Willig R.D., Pareto-superior nonlinear outlay schedules, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1978, vol. 9, No 1.
• Willig R., The theory of network access pricing, [w:] Issues in Public Utility Regulation, ed. H.M. Trebing, Michigan State University Press, East Lansing 1979.
• Winston C, The welfare effects of ICC rate regulation revisited, "Bell Journal of Economics" 1981, vol. 12, No 1.
• Wittman D.A., The Myth of Democratic Failure: Why Political Institutions are Efficient, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago-London 1995.
• Za rok karty i kredyty od TP SA, wywiad z M. Wituckim, prezesem zarządu Telekomunikacji Polskiej SA, "Rzeczpospolita" 2008 (z 13.11).
• Zając E.E., Fairness or Efficiency: An introduction to public utility pricing, Ballinger, Cambridge (MA) 1978.
• Zardhoohi A., Competition in the production of electricity, [w:] Electric Power: Deregulation and the Public Interest, ed. J. Moorhouse, Pacific Institute, San Francisco 1986.