Oddziaływanie korporacji transnarodowych z krajów wschodzących na gospodarki goszczące

• Autorzy: Artur Klimek
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Metodą badawczą wykorzystaną w tym artykule jest analiza empirycznych opracowań dotyczących działalności zagranicznej korporacji z krajów wschodzących oraz efektów, które ta działalność spowodowała w krajach goszczących. Dodatkowym zagadnieniem koniecznym do wyjaśnienia będzie wpływ BIZ na spółki matki oraz kraje macierzyste. Na tej podstawie podjęto próbę nakreślenia spójnego poglądu na temat rozróżnienia działalności korporacji z różnych krajów na arenie międzynarodowej. W dalszej części opracowania przedstawiono klasyczne ujęcie efektów bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych. Zostaną one zestawione z zaprezentowanymi w trzeciej części wynikami analizy przykładów inwestycji dokonywanych przez firmy z krajów wschodzących.

EN

This paper has been devoted to the issue of the effects of foreign direct investment for the host economies. In order to control for the ownership of the multinational enterprises, the author has separated between firms from advanced and emerging economies. This procedure was necessary due to the fact that the two groups of multinationals are influenced by different set of motives and their foreign activities differ significantly. The key areas taken into analysis were: technology, products, employment, and international trade. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. Multinational corporations from emerging economies represent lower level of technological development, what also influences their foreign operations. This also reflects lesser impact on host economies. We can also notice the phenomena of reverse spillover effects. It is associated with the fact that the "new multinationals" undertake some of the investment projects abroad in order to acquire technology from host country. When it comes to the products offered by multinational corporations from emerging countries, we can note that they mostly belong to the mature industries. The advantages are frequently obtained by adjusting the products to the needs of emerging countries (e.g. television receivers attuned to the poor network coverage). The influence of emerging markets multinationals on the level of employment in host countries is ambiguous. If the investment is undertaken in a country of a similar level of development, it may lead to a slight increase in development in that location. However, in a case of investment in advanced economy the workplaces may be moved to cheaper locations. A positive impact of the "new multinationals" on the international trade is limited by close links between affiliates and the headquarter company, and thus using imported products in a country of expansion. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Inwestycje zagraniczne; Analiza empiryczna; Kraje rozwijające się; Kraje wysoko rozwinięte; Korporacje międzynarodowe; Kraje goszczące

EN

Foreign investment; Empirical analysis; Developing countries; High-developed countries; International corporation; Host countries

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Szkoła Główna Handlowa. Kolegium Gospodarki Światowej
• Rocznik: 2011
• Numer: nr 29
• Strony: 200--210

Twórcy

autor

Artur Klimek

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu

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