Income Security for the Elderly in Developing Countries

• Autorzy: Krzysztof Hagemejer
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

While European pension debates focus on long-term sustainability of existing pension systems, globally the major challenge is the lack coverage. Only 30% of the world's working age popu-lation contributes to any pension scheme and only slightly more than half of the worlds elderly receive any type of pensions or other income support benefits. Main reasons of this situation are at the labour markets where only relatively small portions of the population are in formal employment which would allow achieving effective coverage by contributory pension schemes. Paper shows that countries which achieved significant expansion of coverage did it through non-contributory, so-called social pensions - universal, means-tested or pension-tested. The main challenge of non-contributory pensions benefits is not their sustainability in terms of benefit costs as there is a number of policy parameters allowing to control benefit expenditure, but sustainability in terms of securing adequate budgetary funding. It requires implementing legal and budgeting mechanisms which would prevent discretion and political volatility in allocating resources necessary to fund such pension schemes. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Pensions; Social security system; Elderly people; Developing countries

PL

Emerytury; Zabezpieczenie społeczne; Ludzie starsi; Kraje rozwijające się

• Czasopismo: Polityka Społeczna
• Rocznik: 2016
• Numer: nr 1 (ang) Old-Age Pension Systems Outside Europe
• Strony: 26--31

Twórcy

autor

Krzysztof Hagemejer

• Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sigg, Bonn, Germany; Collegium Civitas; University of Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• Barr, N., Diamond, P. (208), Reforming Pensions - Principles and Policy Choices, Oxford University Press.
• Barrientos, A., Lloyd-Sherlock, P. (2003), Non-contributory pensions and social protection, Issues in social protection series, Discussion paper 12, ILO Social Protection Sector, Geneva.
• Bertranou, F., Grushka, C.O. (2002), The non-contributory pension programme in Argentina: Assessing the impact on poverty reduction, ESS Paper No. 5, ILO, Geneva.
• Bertranou, F., van Ginneken, W., Solorio, C. (2004), The impact of tax-financed pensions on poverty reduction in Latin America: Evidence from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay, "International Social Security Review" (Geneva, ISSA), 57(4), pp. 3-18.
• Durán-Valverde, F. (2002), Anti-poverty programmes in Costa Rica: The non-contributory pension scheme, ESS Paper No. 8, ILO, Geneva.
• Gassmann, F., Behrendt, C. (2006), Cash benefits in low-income countries: Simulating the effects on poverty reduction for Tanzania and Senegal, Issues in social protection series, Discussion paper 15, ILO Social Security Department, Geneva.
• Hagemejer, K. (2009), Rights-based Approach to Social Security Coverage Expansion, in: Holzmann, R., Robalino, D.A. and Takayama, N. (eds.), Closing the Coverage Gap: the Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income Transfers, World Bank: Washington, pp. 57-72.
• HelpAge International (2004), Age and security: How social pensions can deliver effective aid to poor older people and their families, London.
• HelpAge International (2006), Why social pensions are needed now - Briefing on social pensions, Available at: http://www.globalaging.org/pension/world/2007/needed.pdf [access 1.05.2016].
• Holzmann, R., Robalino, D.A. and Takayama, N., eds. (2009), Closing the Coverage Gap: the Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income Transfers, World Bank, Washington.
• International Labour Office (2008a), Tanzania: Social Protection Expenditure and Performance Review and Social Budget, Social Security Department, International Labour Office, Geneva, Available at: http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowRessource.action?ressource.ressourceId=7452 [access 1.05.2016].
• International Labour Office (2008b), Zambia: Social Protection Expenditure and Performance Review and Social Budget, Social Security Department, International Labour Office, Geneva, Available at: http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/ShowRessource.action?ressource.ressourceId=6350 [access 1.05.2016].
• International Labour Office (2010), World Social Security Report 2010-2011, Available at: http://www.socialsecurityextension.org/gimi/gess/ShowTheme.do?tid=1985 [access 1.05.2016].
• International Labour Office (2014), World Social Protection report 2014-2015, Available at: http://www.socialsecurityextension.org/gimi/gess/ShowTheme.action?th.themeId=3985 [access 1.05.2016].
• Kidd, S. (2015), Establishing Comprehensive National Old Age Pension Systems, KfW Development Bank, Materials on Development Financing No 8, Available at: http://www.developmentpathways.co.uk/resources/establishing-comprehensive-national-old-age-pension-systems-2/ [access 1.05.2016].
• Palacios, R. and Knox-Vydmanov, C. (2014), The Growing Role of Social Pensions: History, Taxonomy and Key Performance Indicators, "Public Administration and Development", Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 251-264.
• Schleberger, E. (2002), Namibia's universal pension scheme: Trends and challenges, ESS Paper No. 6, ILO, Geneva.
• Schwarzer, H., Querino, A.C. (2002), Non-contributory pensions in Brazil: The impact on poverty reduction, ESS Paper No. 11, ILO, Geneva.
• World Bank (1994), Averting the Old-Age Crisis: Policies to Protect the Old and promote Growth, Oxford University Press.