PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2022 | z. 2 (64) | 115--130
Tytuł artykułu

Evaluating Domains Associated with Economic Empowerment of Small-Scale Female Agro-Processors in South Africa.

Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Women's economic empowerment has been South Africa's policy priority since the country became a democracy. This paper examines the domains associated with the economic empowerment of small-scale female agroprocessors in South Africa. A sequential exploratory mixed methods research design and a close-ended questionnaire were used to collect quantitative data from 503 small-scale agroprocessors in five provinces. Qualitative data were collected during five focus group sessions aided by the focus group guide. The results show that production decision-making ( β = 0,140;p = 0,003), access to productive resources(β = 0.140, p = 0.001), time allocation (β = 0.327, p = 0.000), and intervention ( β = -0.353, p = 0.004) are the critical domains of small-scale agro-processing empowerment. The study revealed that only four domains of women's economic empowerment have significantly improved the economic status of small-scale agroprocessors. However, the combination of income, leadership, and intervention ( β = 0.009, p = 0.015) was also a significant influencing factor. The study recommends that small-scale agroprocessors be provided with necessary policies and legislative control over their production decisions. This authority is coupled with broadening access to productive resources, time allocation, grants, leadership, and projects to actively empower these entrepreneurs.(original abstract)
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
115--130
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • University of the Free State, South Africa
  • University of the Free State, South Africa
  • North-West University, South Africa
Bibliografia
  • Alkire, S., Meinzen-Dick, R., Peterman, A., Quisumbing, A., Seymour, G. and Vaz, A. (2013). The women's empowerment in agriculture index. World Dev., 52, 71-91. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.06.007
  • Allen, M. (Ed.). (2017). The SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods. Sage Publications.
  • Alsop, D.C., Fearing, M.A., Johnson, K., Sperling, R., Fong, T.G. and Inouye, S.K. (2006). The role of neuroimaging in elucidating delirium pathophysiology. J. Gerontol. Ser. A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 61(12), 1287-1293. https://doi. org/10.1093/gerona/61.12.1287
  • Anderson, C.L., Reynolds, T.W., Biscaye, P., Patwardhan, V., Schmidt, C. (2021). Economic benefits of empowering women in agriculture: Assumptions and evidence. J. Dev. Stud., 57(2), 193-208. https://epar.evans.uw.edu/research/ economic-benefits-empowering-women-agriculture-as- sumptions-and-evidence
  • Augustino, I.K. (2017). Small agro-processing industries and rural household livelihoods in Tanzania: The case of ginger factory in same district. Doctoral dissertation, Mzumbe University.
  • Aziz, M.M., Moundi, A., Dawai, D., Ntieche, B., Koungang, B.M.G., Michel, F. (2021). Effect of the use of volcanic pozzolan from Mbepit Massif (West-Cameroon) on the mechanical properties of mortar and composite cements production. Engineering Research Express.
  • Child, J., Faulkner, D., Tallman, S., Tallman, S.B. (2005). Cooperative strategy. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Cook, M.L., Burress, M.J. (2009). A cooperative life cycle framework. Unpublished manuscript. Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Dept. of Agricultural Economics.
  • Cook, M.L. (1995). The future of U.S. agricultural cooperatives: A neo-institutional approach. Am. J. Agric. Econ., 77(5), 1153-1159.
  • Cresswell, J., Creswell, D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
  • Crookston, B.T., West, J.H., Davis, S.F., Hall, P.C., Seymour, G., Gray, B.L. (2021). Understanding female and male empowerment in Burkina Faso using the project level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro- WEAI): a longitudinal study. B.M.C. Women's Health, 21(1), 1-11. https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral. com/articles/10.1186/s12905-021-01371-9
  • Debnath, G.C., Chowdhury, S., Khan, S., Chowdhury, T.S. (2020). Achieving sustainable development through entrepreneurship & economic empowerment of women in the technological era. Int. J. Manag., 11(9). 1385-1398. DOI: 10.34218/IJM.11.9.2020.133
  • de Haan, A. (2017). The win-win case for women's economic empowerment and growth: Review of the literature. GrOW Working Paper 2017-03, Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women program. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre. http://grow.research. mcgill.ca/publications/working-papers/gwp-2017-03.pdf
  • DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). (2013). A quarterly economic review of the agroprocessing support. Directorate Agro-processing Support. January to March 2013 (vol. 2, 1). Retrieved Oct 18th 2018 from: http://www.nda.agric.za/doaDev/sideMenu/AgroProcessingSupport/docs/quarterly review_Jan-March 2013 web.pdf
  • DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries). (2015). Annual economic review of the agro-processing industry in S.A. Retrieved 18th 2018 from: http://www. nda.agric.za/doaDev/sideMenu/AgroProcessingSupport/ docs/Annual economic review_web.pdf
  • Daninga, P.D. (2020). Capitalizing on agro-processing in Tanzania through Sino Africa cooperation. J. Coop. Bus. Stud., 5(1), 60-72.
  • DTIC (Department of Trade, Industry and Competition). (2014). Industrial policy action plan economic sectors and employment clusters I.P.A.P. (2014/15) - 2016-17. Pretoria, South Africa. Retrieved from: http://www.gov.za/ sites/www.gov.za/files/IPAP2014.pdf
  • Derera, E. (2015). Women's economic empowerment and entrepreneurship in agriculture: a case of Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe. Pietermaritzburg: University of KwaZulu Natal (Doctoral dissertation). WEE 8 NBBBB. pdf
  • D'Haese, C.M., Putti, M., Paniconi, C., Verhoest, N.E. (2007). Assessment of adaptive and heuristic time-stepping for variably saturated flow. Int. J. Num. Meth. Fluid., 53(7), 1173-1193. https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1369
  • Doss, C., Bockius-Suwyn, Z., D'Souza, S. (2012). Women's economic empowerment in agriculture: Supporting women farmers. Washington DC: U.N. Foundation. http:// womeneconroadmap.org/sites/default/files/Doss Bockius-Suwyn and DSouza_Supporting Women Farmers.pdf
  • Elfring, T., Hulsink, W. (2003). Networks in entrepreneurship: The case of high-technology firms. Small Bus. Econ., 21(4), 409-422. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026180418357
  • Golla, M., Wei, M., Hainline, J., Filipe, L., Dürmuth, M., Redmiles, E., Ur, B. (2018). October. "What was that site doing with my Facebook password?" Designing Password- Reuse Notifications. In: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 1549-1566).
  • Google Maps (2019). Map of the Republic of South Africa.
  • Goulart, C.M., Purewal, A., Nakhuda, H., Ampadu, A., Giancola, A., Kortenaar, J.L., Bassani, D.G. (2021). Tools for measuring gender equality and women's empowerment (G.E.W.E.) indicators in humanitarian settings. Confl. Health, 15(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-021- 00373-6
  • Grantham, B., Korakakis, V., O'Sullivan, K. (2021). Does blood flow restriction training enhance clinical outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Physical Therapy in Sport.
  • Gupta, M. (2021). Role of N.G.O.s in women empowerment: case studies from Uttarakhand, India. J. Ent. Comm.: People Places Global Econ., 15(1), 26-41. https://doi. org/10.1108/JEC-04-2020-0066
  • Hannan, A., Heckert, J., James-Hawkins, L., Yount, K.M. (2020). Cognitive interviewing to improve women's empowerment questions in surveys: Application to the health and nutrition and intrahousehold relationships modules for the project level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. Matern. Child Nutr., 16(1), p.e12871. https:// doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12871
  • Hendricks, S. (2019). The role of financial inclusion in driv ing women's economic empowerment. Dev. Pract., 29(8), 1029-1038. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2019.1660 308
  • Hunt, A., Samman, E. (2016). Women's economic empowerment. Navigating enablers and constraints. Overseas Development Institute.
  • Ibrahim, S., Alkire, S. (2007). Agency and empowerment: A proposal for internationally comparable indicators. Oxf. Dev. Stud., 35(4), 379-403.
  • Iheduru, O.C. (2004). Black economic power and nationbuilding in post-apartheid South Africa. J. Modern Afr. Stud., 42(1), 1-30.
  • International Trade Administration Commission of South Africa (2016). Agro-processing markets and related trade trends: Opportunities and challenges for South Africa. Retrieved from: http://www.itac.org.za/upload/Agropro -cessing Markets and Related Trade Trends Opportunities and Challnges for South Africa.pdf
  • Jokia, L.D., Swanepoel, E., Venter, M. (2021). Economic empowerment of women in the informal African craft industry: The case of Tembisa. J. Econ. Fin. Sci., 14(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.4102/jef.v14i1.578
  • Jordaan, H., Grové, B., Backeberg, G.R. (2014). Conceptual framework for value chain analysis for poverty alleviation among smallholder farmers. Agrekon, 53(1), 1-25. https:// doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2014.887903
  • Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women's empowerment. Dev. Change, 30(3), 435-464. https://doi.org/10.1111/ 1467-7660.00125
  • Kaldor, N. (1967). Strategic factors in economic development. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy (pp. 1-10).
  • Lambrecht, I.B. (2016). "As a husband I will love, lead, and provide". Gendered access to land in Ghana. World Dev., 88, 188-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev. 2016.07.018
  • Laszlo, S., Grantham, K., Oskay, E., Zhang, T. (2020). Grappling with the challenges of measuring women's eco- nomic empowerment in intrahousehold settings. World Dev., 132, p.104959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev. 2020.104959
  • Leder, S. (2016). Linking women's empowerment with resilience: a literature review.
  • Limpopo Province (2012). Limpopo agrprocessing strategy. The strategy was crafted by an Urban-Econ development economist. Retrieved from: www.urban-econ.com.
  • Maheshwari, M., Sodani, P. (2015). Women Entrepreneurship- A Literature Review 1CMA. IOSR J. Bus. Manag., 17(2).
  • Malapit, H.J., Pinkstaff, C., Sproule, K., Kovarik, C., Quisumbing, A.R., Meinzen-Dick, R.S. (2017). The abbreviated women's empowerment in agriculture index (A-WEAI). IFPRI Discussion Paper 1647, Available at S.S.R.N.: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3012806
  • Manasoe, B., Mmbengwa, V.M., Lekunze, J.N. (2021). Analysis of the impact of the networks on the status of the internal resources of the small-scale agroprocessors in South Africa. Cogent Soc. Sci., 7(1). DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2021.1964201
  • Mayanja, I., Tipi, T. (2017). The economic empowerment of women in Uganda through mushroom production. Turk. J. Agric. Food Sci. Technol., 5(11), 1401-1406. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i11.1401-1406.1345
  • Miles, L., Newton, A.C., DeFries, R.S., Ravilious, C., May, I., Blyth, S., Kapos, V., Gordon, J.E. (2006). A global overview of the conservation status of tropical dry forests. J. Biogeogr., 33(3), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2699.2005.01424.x
  • Melembe, T., Senyolo, G.M., Mmbengwa, V.M. (2021). Factors influencing value-addition agricultural choice within smallholder farming agribusinesses of Gauteng Province in South Africa. J. Agribus. Rural Dev., 2(60), 183-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/J.JARd.2021.01374
  • Mlambo, V. (2019). Exploitation dressed in a suit, shining shoes, and carrying a suitcase full of dollars: What does China want in Africa? J. Public Aff., 19(1), p.e1892. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1892
  • Mmbengwa, V.M. (2009). Capacity building strategies for sustainability farming S.M.M.E.s in South Africa. Doctoral dissertation, University of the Free State.
  • Mmbengwa, V.M., Rambau, K., Qin, X. (2020). Key factors for the improvement of smallholder farmers' participation in agroprocessing industries of Gauteng province of Republic of South Africa: lessons for the extension advisory services. South African J. Agric. Ext., 48(2), 153-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2020/v48n2a545
  • Mmbengwa, V.M., Ramukumba, T., Groenewald, J.A., Van Schalkwyk, H.D., Gundidza, M.B., Maiwashe, A.N. (2011). Evaluation of essential capacities required for the performance of farming small, micro and mediu enterprise (S.M.E.s) in South Africa. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 6(6), 1500- 1507. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.843
  • Mohamed, Y., Mnguu, Y.O. (2014). Fiscal and monetary policies: Challenges for small and medium enterprises (S.M.E.s) development in Tanzania. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Entrep., 1(10), 305-320.
  • Mthombeni, D.L., Antwi, M.A., Rubhara, T. (2021). Level of participation of small-scale crop farmers in agroprocessing in Gauteng province of South Africa. Afr. J. Food, Agric. Nutr. Dev., 21(1), 17125-17139. https://doi. org/10.18697/ajfand.96.19455
  • Narayan, D. (2005). Conceptual framework and methodological challenges. Measuring empowerment (pp. 3-38).
  • Narayan, D., Petesch, P. (2007). Agency, opportunity structure, and poverty escapes. Moving out of poverty: Cross disciplinary perspectives on mobility, 1(1), 1-12.
  • Nawaz, F. (2009, December). Strategy for improving human capital in Bangladesh and Nepal: Does it help for women empowerment? In: Network of Asia-Pacific Schools and Institutes of Public Administration and Governance (NAPSIPAG) Annual Conference Malaysia. Retrieved from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2222532
  • Nhleko, M.A.N. (2017). The use of small, medium and micro- enterprises as a strategic tool for women socio-economic empowerment in the northern rural KwaZulu-Natal. Masters dissertation: Durban University of Technology. http:// hdl.handle.net/10321/2621
  • Onwurafor, E.U., Enwelu, I.A. (2013). Rural women entrepreneurship in agro-food processing in Enugu State, Nigeria. Int. J. Res. Nat. Soc. Sci., 1(2), 13-30.
  • Oriana, B., Buehren, N., Burgess, R., Goldstein, M., Gulesci, S., Rasul, I., Sulaimany, M., Mcconnell, B., Kugler, A., Tenreryo, S. and Vera-hernández, M. (2014). Women's Empowerment in Action: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial in Africa.
  • Ortmann, G.F., King, R.P. (2007). Agricultural cooperatives I: History, theory and problems. Agrekon, 46(1), 18-46. https://doi.org/10.10520/EJC18357
  • Proctor, S., Henson, S., Laoder, R., Masakure, O., Brouder, A., Bhila, L., Sigauke, N. (2000). Facilitating the effective production and marketing of processed food products by small-scale producers in Zimbabwe.
  • Puspitasari, M.D., Gayatri, M. (2020). Indonesia infant and young child feeding practice: The role of women's empowerment in household domain. Glob. J. Health Sci., 12(9), 129-129. URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs. v12n9p129
  • Quisumbing, A., Meinzen-Dick, R., Malapit, H. (2021). Women's empowerment and gender equality in South Asian agriculture: Measuring progress using the project- level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro- WEAI) in Bangladesh and India. World Dev., 105396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105396
  • Ragasa, C., Malapit, H.J., Rubin, D., Myers, E., Pereira, A., Martinez, E.M., Heckert, J., Seymour, G., Mzungu, D., Kalagho, K., Kazembe, C. (2021). "It takes two": Women's empowerment in agricultural value chains in Malawi. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2006. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi. org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134302
  • Sabina, C., Cuevas, C.A., Schally, J.L. (2015). The influence of ethnic group variation on victimization and help seeking among Latino women. Cult. Div. Ethnic Minor. Psychol., 21(1), 19-30. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ a0036526
  • Salau, V.F., Erukainure, O.L., Ibeji, C.U., Olasehinde, T.A., Koorbanally, N.A., Islam, M.S. (2020). Ferulic acid modulates dysfunctional metabolic pathways and purinergic activities, while stalling redox imbalance and cholinergic activities in oxidative brain injury. Neurotox. Res., 37(4), 944-955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-019- 00099-7
  • Sathiabama, K. (2010). Rural women empowerment and entrepreneurship development (No. id: 2475). https://ideas. repec.org/s/ess/wpaper.html
  • Schoonenboom, J., Johnson, R.B. (2017). How to construct a mixed methods research design? KZfSS Kölner Zeit. Soziol. Sozialpsych., 69(2), 107-131. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1
  • Scott, D.E., Bayly, A.R., Abell, C., Skidmore, J. (2016). Small molecules, big targets: drug discovery faces the protein- protein interaction challenge. Nat. Rev. Drug Discover., 15(8), 533-550. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.29
  • Sell, M., Minot, N. (2018). What factors explain women's empowerment? Decision-making among small-scale farmers in Uganda. Women. Stud. Int. Forum, 71, 46-55. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2018.09.005
  • Shalini, P., Nasima, A. (2021). Assessing healthy living and measuring empowerment level of women using index. Eur. J. Molec. Clinic. Med., 7(10), 1929-1942.
  • Simalenga, T.E., Gohl, B. (1996). Tubular plastic biodigester: design, installation, and management.
  • Simelton, E., Mulia, R., Nguyen, T.T., Duong, T.M., Le, H.X., Tran, L.H., Halbherr, L. (2021). Women's involvement in coffee agroforestry value-chains: Financial training, Village Savings and Loans Associations, and Decision power in Northwest Vietnam.
  • Slegh, H., Barker, G., Kimonyo, A., Ndolimana, P., Bannerman, M. (2013). "I can do women's work": reflections on engaging men as allies in women's economic empowerment in Rwanda. Gender Dev., 21(1), 15-30. https://doi.or g/10.1080/13552074.2013.767495
  • Sraboni, E., Malapit, H.J., Quisumbing, A.R., Ahmed, A.U. (2014). Women's empowerment in agriculture: What role for food security in Bangladesh? World Dev., 61, 11-52.
  • SSA (Statistics South Africa). (2021). Quarterly Labour Force Survey - Quarter 2: 2021. Statistical Release P0211. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0211/P02112ndQuarter2021.pdf
  • Strijker, D., Bosworth, G., Bouter, G. (2020). Research methods in rural studies: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. J. Rural Stud., 78, 262-270. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.06.007
  • Tabachnick, B., Mestre, V., Fidell, L. (2013). Aircraft noise- induced awakenings are more reasonably predicted from relative than from absolute sound exposure levels. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 134(5), 3645-3653.
  • Taylor, G., Pereznieto, P. (2014). Review of evaluation approaches and methods used by interventions on women and girls' economic empowerment. Overseas Development Institute.
  • Thindisa, L.M.V. (2014). Participation by smallholder farming entrepreneurs in agroprocessing activities in South Africa. Masters Dissertation, Wits University, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.
  • Uzoejinwa, B.B., Ani, A.O., Abada, U.C., Ugwuishiwu, B.O., Ohagwu, C.J., Nwakaire, J.N. (2016). Small-scale food processing enterprises: measures for national development and addressing food security challenges in Nigeria. Int. J. Sci. Tech. Res. Eng., 1(5), 72-82.
  • Van Lin, M., van den Bos, A., Sterras, N. (2018). The Current State of Fruit & Vegetable Agro-Processing in South Africa: Challenges and Opportunities. Commissioned by Netherland Enterprise Agency. Retrieved from: https://agbiz.co.za/uploads/AgbizNews19/190215_Current-state- of-agro-processing-in SA.pdf
  • Yount, K.M., Cheong, Y.F., Maxwell, L., Heckert, J., Martinez, E.M., Seymour, G. (2019). Measurement properties of the project-level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. World Dev., 124. Retrieved Jul 12th 2020 from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31798204
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171662556

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Musisz być zalogowany aby pisać komentarze.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.