The Increase in the Number of Vehicles and the Shortage of Parking in Israel's Urban Areas - Economic and Political Factors

• Autorzy: Erez Cohen
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study addresses the growing increase in the number of vehicles in Israel and the resulting shortage of parking in city centers. Israel was chosen as a case study because it is a country with rapid population growth, a concentration of residents in central areas, and inefficient public transportation, which constitute explicit causes of the trends presented in the study. The study seeks to portray the implicit causes underlying the increasing number of vehicles in Israel and of the shortage of parking in city centers. The research method combines quantitative and qualitative techniques. The quantitative part includes analysis of data on vehicle density in various cities in Israel and on the number of parking offenses resulting from the shortage of parking in city centers. The vehicle density index per 1,000 Residents for each city will be calculated by multiplying the total number of Private Cars Registered in the city by the total Number of city's Residents and multiplying by 1000. At the same time, the Number of Parking Reports data which presented in the study has been obtained from the local authorities themselves, which may cause to biased information according to the interests of those authorities. The qualitative part includes examination of the resultant public policy affecting the increase in vehicles. The data set will include the vehicle and fuel taxation policy. The research conclusions show that the increase in vehicles is affected among other things by economic and political factors that contribute to this growing trend and prevent its restriction, respectively. This study calls to the decision makers to promote and develop public transportation and correct its failures. Israel's public transportation services remain afflicted by many faults that contribute to residents' significant and increasing dependency on private vehicles. A large part of the public transportation means are too crowded, bus and train services do not run frequently enough, and the service is slow. There are insufficient connections between the different means of public transportation, with low access to stations among relatively large parts of the population and there is still a shortage of the necessary personnel and infrastructure for it's develop. In addition, the research conclusions call for a political solution that will make it possible to operate public transportation on Saturdays, while also expanding the use of self-driving cars and allocating outlying parking areas together with rental services for electric scooters and bicycles or shuttle services to city centers. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Car park; Municipal transport; Public policy; Urban agglomerations

PL

Parkingi; Komunikacja miejska; Polityka publiczna; Aglomeracje miejskie

• Czasopismo: Economics & Sociology
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: 16
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 37--55

Twórcy

autor

Erez Cohen

• Ariel University Israel, Israel

Bibliografia

• Atif, Y., Ding, J., & Jeusfeld, M. A. (2016). Internet of things approach to cloud-based smart car parking. Procedia Computer Science, 98, 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.031
• Au, V. (2012). Car parking in China-Issues and solutions. In: Sustainable Transportation Systems: Plan, design, build, manage, and maintain (pp. 130-137).
• Barter, P. A. (2015). A parking policy typology for clearer thinking on parking reform. International Journal of Urban Sciences, 19(2), 136-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2014.927740
• Bental, B., & Brand, G. (2018). Economic developments in Israel: An overview. State of the Nation Report: Society, Economy and Policy 2018.
• Cohen, E. (2019). Traffic congestion on Israeli roads: Faulty public policy or preordained?. Israel Affairs, 25(2), 350-365.
• Cohen, E. (2018). The rise in Israel's real estate prices: Sociodemographic aspects. Israel Affairs, 24(1), 108-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2017.1398459
• Cohen, E. (2016). The nature of Israel's public policy aimed at curbing the rise in property prices from 2008-2015, as a derivative of the country's governance structure. Economics & Sociology, 9(2), 73. DOI: 10.14254/2071- 789X.2016/9-2/1
• DellaPergola, S. (2004). Demography in Israel at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Jews in Israel: Contemporary Social and Cultural Patterns, 20-44.
• Dicu, I., & Stânga, I. C. (2013). Exposure and triggering factors of road (un-) safety and risks in Iasi municipality (Romania). Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii" Al. I. Cuza" din Iasi. Serie Noua. Geografie, 59(1), 171.
• Dwolatzky, T., Brodsky, J., Azaiza, F., Clarfield, A. M., Jacobs, J. M., & Litwin, H. (2017). Coming of age: Health-care challenges of an ageing population in Israel. The Lancet, 389(10088), 2542-2550. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30789-4
• Eckstein, Z., & Weiss, Y. (2004). On the wage growth of immigrants: Israel, 1990-2000. Journal of the European Economic Association, 2(4), 665-695. https://doi.org/10.1162/1542476041423340
• Eggleston, K. (2020). Demographic and Health Care Challenges. In: Fateful Decisions (pp. 151-179). Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2019.1577051
• Fowkes, T., May, T., Nash, C., Siu, Y. L., & Rees, P. (2002). Forecasting road traffic growth: demographic change and alternative policy scenarios. In: Transport Policy and the Environment (pp. 50-61). Routledge.
• Harper, S. (2015). The challenges of twenty-first-century demography. In: Challenges of Aging (pp. 17-29). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
• Holstein, T., Dodig-Crnkovic, G., & Pelliccione, P. (2018). Ethical and social aspects of self-driving cars. arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.04103.
• Ibrahim, H. (2017, November). Car parking problem in urban areas, causes and solutions. In: 1st International Conference on Towards a Better Quality of Life.
• Ida, Y., & Talit, G. (2018). What we can learn 17 years after the reform in public bus transportation in Israel. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 6(4), 510-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.06.004
• Gong, Y., & Yao, Y. (2021). Demographic changes and the housing market. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 103734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2021.103734
• Guo, Z., & McDonnell, S. (2013). Curb parking pricing for local residents: An exploration in New York City based on willingness to pay. Transport Policy, 30, 186-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.09.006
• Harus, E. B., & Davidovitch, N. (2019). The GEMS exams in Israel-Between center and periphery. International Education Studies, 12(10), 9-21.
• Jaller, M., Holguín-Veras, J., & Hodge, S. D. (2013). Parking in the city: Challenges for freight traffic. Transportation Research Record, 2379(1), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.3141%2F2379-06
• Johnson, A. E. (2013). Crooked and narrow streets: Photography and urban visual identities in early twentieth-century Boston. Winterthur Portfolio, 47(1), 35-64. https://doi.org/10.1086/670727
• Klemencic, M., & Fried, J. (2007). Demographic challenges and future of the higher education. International Higher Education, 47.
• Koensler, A. (2013). Insurgent building, riots, and protest and the Bedouin-state conflict in the Israeli Negev desert. L'Homme et la societe, 1, 205-226.
• Landau, J. M. (2015). The Arabs in Israel: A political study. Routledge.
• Lebovka, N. I., Tatochenko, M. O., Vygornitskii, N. V., & Tarasevich, Y. Y. (2020). Paris car parking problem for partially oriented discorectangles on a line. Physical Review E, 102(1), 012128. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.102.012128
• Lipfert, F. W., Wyzga, R. E., Baty, J. D., & Miller, J. P. (2006). Traffic density as a surrogate measure of environmental exposures in studies of air pollution health effects: Long-term mortality in a cohort of US veterans. Atmospheric Environment, 40(1), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.027
• Litman, T. (2020). Parking management best practices. Routledge.
• Machlica, G. (2020). Reducing socio-economic differences between municipalities in Israel. https://doi.org/10.1787/4a8ada63-en
• May-Yazdi, O., & BenDavid-Hadar, I. (2018). The relationships between income, academic education, and financial literacy: The case of the ultra-Orthodox in Israel. Education and Society, 36(2), 49-76. https://doi.org/10.7459/es/36.2.05
• Negev, M. (2020). Air pollution policy in Israel. Atmosphere, 11(10), 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101065
• Okun, B. S. (2013). Fertility and marriage behavior in Israel: Diversity, change, and stability. Demographic Research, 28, 457-504.
• Okun, B. S. (2017). Religiosity and fertility: Jews in Israel. European Journal of Population, 33(4), 475-507.
• Schellekens, J., & Anson, J. (2017). Israel's destiny: Fertility and mortality in a divided society (pp. 1-12). Routledge.
• Šego, D., Pražen, A., & Olivari, L. (2021). Characteristics of parking problems in urban cities Case study of the city of Šibenik with proposals for solving the problem. Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci, 9(1), 401-419. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-5643
• Sharav, N., Givoni, M., & Shiftan, Y. (2019). What transit service does the periphery need? A case study of Israel's rural country. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 125, 320-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.09.016
• Shugart, M. S. (2021). The electoral system of Israel. In: The Oxford Handbook of Israeli Politics and Society. Online publication date: Jul 2018; Print publication date: Apr 2021. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190675585.013.20_update_001
• Siniscalco, M. T. (2000). Achieving education for all: Demographic challenges.
• Soen, D., & Davidovitch, N. (2004). Centre and periphery in higher education: The Case of Israel. International Education Journal, 5(4), 439-457.
• Suhoy, T., & Sofer, Y. (2019). Getting to work in Israel: Locality and individual effects (no. 2019.02). Bank of Israel.
• State Comptroller (March 2019). The public transportation crisis. (Hebrew). https://picupload.ynet.co.il/news/combinepdf.pdf
• Sweet, M. (2011). Does traffic congestion slow the economy?. Journal of Planning Literature, 26(4), 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0885412211409754
• Szajnbrum, L. (2009). Birth in Israel. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 24(4), 13.
• Yahel, H. (2021). Rural or urban? Planning Bedouin settlements. Middle Eastern Studies, 57(4), 606-624. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2021.1887853
• Taylor, E. J., & van Bemmel-Misrachi, R. (2017). The elephant in the scheme: Planning for and around car parking in Melbourne, 1929-2016. Land Use Policy, 60, 287-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.044
• Yoganandhan, A., Subhash, S. D., Jothi, J. H., & Mohanavel, V. (2020). Fundamentals and development of self-driving cars. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, 3303-3310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.736
• Yu, L. (2010). The characteristics of the parliamentary electoral system in Israel. World History, 3.
• Weinreb, A. (2020). Population projections for Israel 2017-2040. Policy Paper, 4.
• Weinreb, A., Chernichovsky, D., & Brill, A. (2018). Israel's exceptional fertility.
• Wiseman, Y. (2017). Self-driving car - A computer will park for you. International Journal of Engineering & Technology for Automobile Security, 1(1), 9-16.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.14254/2071-789X.2023/16-2/3