Multiple Functions of Analogical Reasoning in Science and Everyday Life

• Autorzy: Maciej Koszowski
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This article addresses the functions analogical reasoning may have in science and everyday life. The focus ranges from the heuristic and probative value of this kind of reasoning to its illustrative and didactic utility, not excluding the opinion-forming, choice-facilitating, argumentative and justice-dispensing aspects of the inferences based upon similarity discernible between the instances being compared. In this context, the Author reveals disagreements between the standpoints of several scholars and singles out their most interesting stances and statements.
In addition, the question of making the generalizations and understanding of notions (terms) presented in ordinary language as well as the problem of conceptualization have been touched upon. The relation of analogy to metaphor and its occurrence in humor, literature and poetics have also been addressed. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Science; Social sciences; Logic

PL

Nauka; Nauki społeczne; Logika

• Czasopismo: Polish Sociological Review
• Rocznik: 2017
• Numer: nr 1 (197)
• Strony: 3--19

Twórcy

autor

Maciej Koszowski

• Lazarski University in Warsaw

Bibliografia

• Biegański, W. 1909. Wnioskowanie z analogii. Lwów: Polskie Wydawnictwo Filozoficzne.
• Biela, A. 1989. Analogia w Nauce. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
• Bocheński, J.M. 1993. O analogii, in: J. Parys (ed.), Logika i filozofia. Wybór pism. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
• Brewer, S. 1995-1996. Exemplary Reasoning: Semantics, Pragmatics, and the Rational Force of Legal Argument by Analogy, Harvard Law Review (109): 923-1028.
• Buda, S. 2006. Dynamika analogii [Dynamics of Analogy], in Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce no. XXXVIII. Tarnów: Wydawnictwo Biblas: 127-141.
• Burton, S.J. 2007. An Introduction to Law and Legal Reasoning, 3rd ed. Austin: Wolters Kluwer.
• Dąmbska, I. 1962. Dwa studia z teorii naukowego poznania. Toruń: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
• Dunbar, K. 2001. The Analogical Paradox: Why Analogy Is so Easy in Naturalistic Settings, Yet so Difficult in the Psychological Laboratory, in: D. Gentner, K.J. Holyoak and B.N. Kokinov (ed.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science. Cambridge: The MIT Press, pp. 313-334.
• Empacher, A.B. 1960. Potęga analogii. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Wiedza Powszechna.
• Gentner, D., Bowdle, B.F., Wolff, Ph. and Boronat, C. 2001. Metaphor Is Like Analogy, in: D. Gen-tner, K.J. Holyoak and B.N. Kokinov (ed.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science. Cambridge: The MIT Press, pp. 199-253.
• Hallyn, F. (ed.). 2000. Metaphor and Analogy in the Sciences. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
• Hesse, M.B. 1970. Models and Analogies in Science. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
• Holyoak, K.J. and Thagard, P. 1996. Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
• Holyoak, K.J., Gentner, D. and Kokinov, B.N. 2001. Introduction: The Place of Analogy in Cognition, in: D. Gentner, K.J. Holyoak and B.N. Kokinov, The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science. Cambridge: The MIT Press, pp. 1-19.
• Hunter, D. 2004. Teaching and Using Analogy in Law, Journal of the Association of Legal Writing Directors (vol. 2), http://ssrn.com/absract=1089669
• Kostrzewska, H. 2001. Analogia i muzyka : Z filozoficznych zagadnień muzyki. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Akademii Muzycznej im. IJ. Paderewskiego.
• Koszowski, M. 2014. Rozumowanie per analogiam w prawie precedensowym: dwa ujęcia analogii, Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska Sectio GIUS (2): 61-87.
• Koszowski, M. 2015. Rozumowanie per analogiam w prawie precedensowym: reguła, konkurencja, poszukiwanie i uzasadnienie dla korzystania z analogii, Studia Iuridica Lublinensia (4): 35-61.
• Kotarbiński, T. 1953. Kurs logiki dla prawników. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
• Krąpiec, M.A. 1993. Teoria analogii bytu. Lublin: Redakcja Wydawnictw Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego.
• Kratochwil, F.V. 1989. Rules, Norms and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Lakoff, G., and Johnsen, M. 2003. Metaphors we Live by. London: The University of Chicago Press.
• Markman, A.B. and Moreau, C.P. 2001. Analogy and Analogical Comparison in Choice, in: D. Gentner, K.J. Holyoak and B.N. Kokinov (ed.), The Analogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Science. Cambridge: The MIT Press, pp. 363-399.
• Maryniarczyk, A. 2005. O przyczynach partycypacji i analogii. Lublin: Polskie Towarzystwo Tomasza z Akwinu.
• Mascall, E.L. 1949. Existence and Analogy : A Sequel to " He Who Is". New York: Longmans, Green. The Polish edition: 1961. Istnienie i analogia, translated by J.W. Zielińska. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy PAX.
• McInerny, R.M. 1996. Aquinas and Analogy. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press.
• Mili, J.S. 1882. A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive : Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation, 8th ed. New York: Harper & Brothers.
• Musolff, A. 2004. Metaphor and Political Discourse: Analogical Reasoning in Debates about Europe. Hound- mills: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Nerhot, P. 1991. Legal Knowledge and Meaning (The Example of Legal Analogy), in: P. Nerhot (ed.), Legal Knowledge and Analogy. Fragments of Legal Epistemology, Hermeneutics and Linguistics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 183-197.
• Niiniluoto, I. 1988. Analogy and Similarity in Scientific Reasoning, in: D.H. Helman (ed.), Analogical Reasoning: Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer- Science+Businesss Media, pp. 271-298.
• Nowacki, J. 1996. Analogia legis. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
• Ossowski, S. 2001. O osobliwościach nauk społecznych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
• Perelman, Ch. 1977. L'Empire rhetoriąue. Rhetoriąue et argumentation. The Polish Edition, 2004. Imperium retoryki: Retoryka i argumentacja, translated by M. Chomicz. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Nukowe PWN.
• Perelman, Ch. and Olbrechts-Tyteca, L. 1969. The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation, translated by J. Wilkinson and P. Weaver. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
• Posner, R.A. 1990. The Problems of Jurisprudence. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
• Radin, M. 2012. Law as Logic and Experience. Clark: The Lawbook Exchange.
• Russell, S. 1988. Analogy by Similarity, in: D.H. Helman (ed.), Analogical Reasoning : Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and Philosophy, Dordrecht: Springer-Science+Businesss Media, pp. 251-269.
• Smoktunowicz, E. 1970. Analogia w prawie administracyjnym. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
• Sunstein, C.R. 1996. Legal Reasoning and Political Conflict. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Thagard, P., and Shelley, C. 2001. Emotional Analogies and Analogical Inference, in: D. Gentner, K.J. Holyoak and B.N. Kokinov (eds.), The Analogical Mind : Perspectives from Cognitive Science. Cambridge: The MIT Press, pp. 335-362.
• Tuner, M. 1988. Categories and Analogies, in: D.H. Helman (ed.), Analogical Reasoning : Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Science, and Philosophy. Dordrecht: Springer-Science+Businesss Media, pp. 3-24.
• Walton, D. 2008. Informal Logic : A Pragmatic Approach, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Weinreb, L.L. 2005. Legal Reason: The Use of Analogy in Legal Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• White, J. 1996. Analogical Reasoning, in: D. Patterson (ed.), A Companion to Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.