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Aeolian processes on the outwash plain in the Oświęcim Basin, southern Poland

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Dulias R.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2023

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11

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nr 1

72-81

This article presents the results of studies on aeolian processes in the Oświęcim Basin in southern Poland. There are only a few large dunes in the western part (Woszczyce area) of the vast area of the Basin (about 1800 km2), and several dozen small forms (1-3 m high) in the central part (Świerczyniec area) All these forms are located on the outwash plain from the Odra Glaciation - dunes in the proximal part of sandur and small forms in the distal part. Grain size indices were determined for all samples taken at 17 sites, and quartz grain abrasion was examined using mechanical graniformametric and morphoscopic methods. The study found that the fluvioglacial deposits are not very diverse in grain size but significantly differentiated in terms of the degree of aeolization. In the proximal part of the outwash plain, deposits are characterized by very poor abrasion of quartz grains, two-three times worse than those from the distal part. Aeolian sands, in terms of grain size, do not differ essentially from fluvioglacial deposits, and in the distal part of sandur, there are no differences in the abrasion of the quartz grains. Conversely, in the proximal part, there was a significant increase in the degree of aeolization of the dune deposits compared to the source fluvioglacial deposits.(original abstract)

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Record of aeolian processes in Pleistocene deposits in the foreland of the European sand belt

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Dulias R.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2023

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11

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nr 4

62-76

This article presents the degree of aeolization of Pleistocene deposits in the foreground of the European sand belt in southern Poland. Ten of the 13 sites were established in the Oświęcim Basin and three in the south part of the Silesian Upland. Attention was focused on four types of deposits formed during three glaciations (Sanian, Odranian, Vistulian): boulder clay, fluvioglacial sands and gravels, end moraine deposits, and aeolian sands. Quartz grain abrasion (for the 0.8-1.0 mm fraction) was examined by mechanical graniformametry and the morphoscopic method. The record of aeolian processes in analyzed deposits is the presence of quartz grains RM (very well- rounded and mat) and EM/RM (moderately rounded and mat). They were found in deposits of various origins and ages but in variable proportions. Considering only the average percentage of grains RM, it should be regarded that abrasion of deposits is low in the case of fluvioglacial deposits, moderate in the case of glacial deposits, and good in the case of aeolian deposits. However, the key factor in determining the degree of abrasion is the share of EM/RM grains, which in the abovementioned deposits are seven, three, and twice as many as RM grains. Therefore, the most noteworthy research result is the very high total share of grains with aeolian abrasion (RM + EM/RM), amounting on average to 84.1% for Odranian fluvioglacial deposits, 86.7% for Sanian glacial deposits and 92.6% for Late Glacial aeolian deposits. It means that in the study area, glacial and fluvioglacial transport included deposits with good aeolian abrasion obtained in the periglacial environment before the transgression of the ice sheets. Probably due to the longer persistence of periglacial conditions in southern Poland, compared to its central and northern parts, the degree of aeolization of fluvioglacial and glacial deposits is better. At the same time, there is a significant differentiation in the aeolization of fluvioglacial deposits within the outwash plain in the foreland of the maximum extent of the Odranian ice sheet. In its proximal part, near the front of the ice sheet, fluvioglacial deposits are characterized by much worse abrasion of quartz grains than in the distal part.(original abstract)

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Human activity and aeolian relief of Starczynów "Desert", Poland

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Pełka-Gościniak J.

Environmental & Socio-economic Studies

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2013

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1

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nr 3

1-6

Starczynów "Desert" is located in the eastern part of the Silesian Upland (southern Poland) and makes a compact area with the occurrence of aeolian sands, which till the 1960s. were intensively blown. Its flat surface is diversified by many dunes of different shapes and sizes. Aeolian coversands are formed here as a cover of changing thickness. The "desert" is not a typical dry climatic area. The term Starczynów "Desert" refers to the area of occurrence of bare sands and aeolian processes and makes a geographical name that can be found on topographic maps. Its development was conditioned by human activity, where since the Middle Ages dense forest areas have been cut to obtain timber for the needs of contemporary mining and metallurgy of lead and silver ores causing the activation of aeolian processes at sandy substratum, built from the Vistulian proluvial-deluvial deposits. In the formation of the aeolian relief of Starczynów "Desert" it is possible to distinguish some stages of intensive wind activity: the 13th-15th centuries, the 16th-17th centuries, the turn of 18th and 19th centuries, the turn of 20th and 21st centuries. In present times human interference in the environment of Starczynów "Desert" consists of fixing sandy areas to protect them from deflation. Human damage exists here in the aeolian relief through terrain levelling and building fire escape roads. In the north-eastern part of the "desert" sand was exploited, therefore a sandpit appeared. This area was subject to the activity of mining for Zn-Pb ores, which caused numerous collapsed cones. In the last few years this part of the "desert" was properly reclaimed(original abstract)