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Celem pracy było porównanie poziomów glin morenowych występujących w obrębie gardnieńskiej strefy marginalnej za pomocą kryteriów petrograficznych. Podjęto próbę określenia kwestii tego, czy istnieje osobny poziom gliny lodowcowej w obrębie strefy gardnieńskiej strefy marginalnej, który można by uznać za glinę fazy gardnieńskiej ostatniego zlodowacenia.
The central part of the Woźniki-Wieluń Upland is characterised by mature old glacial landforms associated with the Middle- Polish Glaciations. In some areas, however, more pronounced post-glacial landforms can be observed that were remodelled by later morphogenetic processes to a lesser extent. To the south-east of Krzepice, in the vicinity of Dolisko, there is an extensive depression in which twelve parallel ridges can be found. In terms of their morphology and location as well as due to their relationship to the surrounding landforms, the ridges examined resemble forms that would be referred to as drumlins, glaciotectonic forms or glacial curvilineations in late glacial areas. The material presented is the result of the initial research stage. The studies conducted in this stage involved primarily geomorphological mapping supplemented by an analysis of landforms on a shaded relief model and on an orthophotomap. At the current stage of studies on the glacigenic landforms in the vicinity of Dolisko, three scenarios concerning their origins have been put forward that need to be verified. The first scenario involves glaciotectonic origins, the second assumes that they were formed in the same manner as classic drumlins, fluted moraines or longitudinal squeeze ridges, and the third scenario assumes that they have the same origins as glacial curvilineations. The group of glacigenic ridges discussed is a glacial landform unique in southern Poland. (original abstract)
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Content available remote Diety eliminacyjne w alergiach pokarmowych
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W czasie zdobywania nowych terenów w Europie i Azji po ostatnim zlodowaceniu, ludzie swoją dietę opierali głównie na mięsie, a w drugiej kolejności na zbożach. Człowiek przez miliony lat odżywiał się głównie pokarmem pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Wynikało to z potrzeby dostarczenia organizmowi składników odżywczych i energii. Z czasem ludzie opanowali hodowlę zwierząt, najpóźniej bydła i stosunkowo późno nauczyli się rolnictwa. Krótki czas przystosowania do nowych produktów żywieniowych, spowodował pojawienie się nietolerancji na mleko u ludzi, którzy nie zetknęli się z hodowlą i nietolerancję glutenu zawartego w zbożach: jęczmieniu i pszenicy. Nietolerancje powodują konieczność stosowania diet eliminacyjnych w żywieniu dzieci i dorosłych. Rodząca się moda na dietę bezglutenową jest, co najmniej nieracjonalna dla ludzi zdrowych, ale w sumie spowodowała obniżenie cen specyficznej żywności bezglutenowej z uwagi na dużą wielkość produkcji i związany z tym spadek cen. (abstrakt oryginalny)
Lodołamacze są specjalistycznymi jednostkami pływającymi wykorzystywanymi do zapewnienia bezpiecznej żeglugi innym statkom w rejonach zlodowaceń. Artykuł ten jest poświęcony problematyce związanej z tymi specjalistycznymi jednostkami. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę lodołamaczy. Dokonano również porównania i oceny różnych typów i klas. (abstrakt oryginalny)
The paper seeks to present the exceptional qualities of closed basins commonly found in areas covered by the last Pleistocene glaciation. Such basins are a natural part of the landscape ; they occupy a large percentage of the area. The research was conducted in the Parsęta catchment over the course of several years. Two basic types of basins without outlets were analyzed absorptive basins : absorption basins, evapotranspiration basins. The geographic individuality of small landforms with no surface runoff was characterized on the basis of key morphometric indicators, lithology, soil distribution, and physical-chemical properties of surface and groundwaters. Closed basins are usually small concave landforms, roughly circular in shape, at the bottom of which organic sediments attain a great thickness. In the southern part of the Parsęta catchment, permeable sediments predominate, while those located in its middle part are predominantly retentive in nature. Typical features of the spatial distribution of soils in the small catchments of closed depressions are their ring-like pattern going down towards the bottom and a predominance of organic soils in the bottom. Surface and groundwaters in these catchments display a low and a medium level of mineralization, and the elements dominating in their chemical composition are those coming from the leaching of rocks, the chief source of which is chemical weathering, as well as biogenic components connected with the deposition of organic sediments in the bottoms.(original abstract)
This article presents the results of studies on aeolian processes in the Oświęcim Basin in southern Poland. There are only a few large dunes in the western part (Woszczyce area) of the vast area of the Basin (about 1800 km2), and several dozen small forms (1-3 m high) in the central part (Świerczyniec area) All these forms are located on the outwash plain from the Odra Glaciation - dunes in the proximal part of sandur and small forms in the distal part. Grain size indices were determined for all samples taken at 17 sites, and quartz grain abrasion was examined using mechanical graniformametric and morphoscopic methods. The study found that the fluvioglacial deposits are not very diverse in grain size but significantly differentiated in terms of the degree of aeolization. In the proximal part of the outwash plain, deposits are characterized by very poor abrasion of quartz grains, two-three times worse than those from the distal part. Aeolian sands, in terms of grain size, do not differ essentially from fluvioglacial deposits, and in the distal part of sandur, there are no differences in the abrasion of the quartz grains. Conversely, in the proximal part, there was a significant increase in the degree of aeolization of the dune deposits compared to the source fluvioglacial deposits.(original abstract)
This article presents the degree of aeolization of Pleistocene deposits in the foreground of the European sand belt in southern Poland. Ten of the 13 sites were established in the Oświęcim Basin and three in the south part of the Silesian Upland. Attention was focused on four types of deposits formed during three glaciations (Sanian, Odranian, Vistulian): boulder clay, fluvioglacial sands and gravels, end moraine deposits, and aeolian sands. Quartz grain abrasion (for the 0.8-1.0 mm fraction) was examined by mechanical graniformametry and the morphoscopic method. The record of aeolian processes in analyzed deposits is the presence of quartz grains RM (very well- rounded and mat) and EM/RM (moderately rounded and mat). They were found in deposits of various origins and ages but in variable proportions. Considering only the average percentage of grains RM, it should be regarded that abrasion of deposits is low in the case of fluvioglacial deposits, moderate in the case of glacial deposits, and good in the case of aeolian deposits. However, the key factor in determining the degree of abrasion is the share of EM/RM grains, which in the abovementioned deposits are seven, three, and twice as many as RM grains. Therefore, the most noteworthy research result is the very high total share of grains with aeolian abrasion (RM + EM/RM), amounting on average to 84.1% for Odranian fluvioglacial deposits, 86.7% for Sanian glacial deposits and 92.6% for Late Glacial aeolian deposits. It means that in the study area, glacial and fluvioglacial transport included deposits with good aeolian abrasion obtained in the periglacial environment before the transgression of the ice sheets. Probably due to the longer persistence of periglacial conditions in southern Poland, compared to its central and northern parts, the degree of aeolization of fluvioglacial and glacial deposits is better. At the same time, there is a significant differentiation in the aeolization of fluvioglacial deposits within the outwash plain in the foreland of the maximum extent of the Odranian ice sheet. In its proximal part, near the front of the ice sheet, fluvioglacial deposits are characterized by much worse abrasion of quartz grains than in the distal part.(original abstract)
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