Background Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the severe disease, that develops as a result of diabetes complication. All diabetic patients are at risk of DR development and the National Health Fund (NHF) estimates that there are 2 million people suffering from diabetes in Poland. Thus, around 692,000 Poles may exhibit DR traits, of which up to 139,000 have a severe form of it - proliferative, threatening the loss of vision in the absence or an incorrect treatment. Objective The aim of this study is to discuss the quality of the healthcare system in Poland, through the prism of access to highly specialized treatment for patients with ocular complications in the course of diabetes. Material and Methods The study in this article is based on the statistical data and reports by the Central Statistical Office in Poland, the European Statistical Office, the National Health Fund, as well as the Polish Chamber of Physicians and Dentist. Data collection and analysis concerning the period between years 2010 and 2018. All information has been reviewed thoroughly, compared and juxtaposed with each other to allow concluding. Results There are 4,617 ophthalmologist in Poland, which results in a 1 ophthalmologist per 8,324 inhabitants in Poland. Comparing Poland to major EU countries, access to an ophthalmic treatment just based on number of ophthalmologists is almost as poor as in the United Kingdom, especially comparing to the benchmark countries like Spain, France and Germany. In Poland, patients waiting for a treatment in an ophthalmic clinic account for 5% of all patients. 34% ophthalmology patients had to wait 3 months and more for the specialist consultation, which is contrasting with the DR guidelines, where each DR patient has to be reviewed every 3 months regularly. A one statistical ophthalmologist, in a specialist care clinic, gives 11 consultations per working day. Conclusion Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy in Poland have insufficient access to the specialized diagnostics and treatment. They have much lower access for quick diagnostics and treatment in comparison to the major western European countries. It might result in increased expenditures on ocular complications treatment in the course of Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore a strategic assessment of the DM and DR patients' access to the specialized diagnostics and treatment as well as development of a holistic approach and diseases comprehensive management strategy is recommended, including change of the healthcare system processes related to ocular complications in the course of diabetes mellitus. (original abstract)