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Optimising Pedestrian Flow in a Topological Network using Various Pairwise Speed-Density Models

100%

Khalid R., Nawawi M. K. M., Ishak N., Baten M. A.

nr 4

53-69

A speed-density model can be utilised to efficiently flow pedestrians in a network. However, how each model measures and optimises the performance of the network is rarely reported. Thus, this paper analyses and optimises the flow in a topological network using various speed-density models. Each model was first used to obtain the optimal arrival rates to all individual networks. The optimal value of each network was then set as a flow constraint in a network flow model. The network flow model was solved to find the optimal arrival rates to the source networks. The optimal values were then used to measure their effects on the performance of each available network. The performance results of the model were then compared with thatof other speed-density models. The analysis of the results can help decision-makers understand how arrival rates propagate through traffic and determine the level of the network throughputs. (original abstract)

Extraction of Cyclical Fluctuations - Two Methods Illustrated by the Example of a Demographic Variable

84%

Krupowicz J.

Mathematical Economics

2011

nr 7(14)

123-136

The purpose of the study is to identify cyclical fluctuations by means of two methods used to determine the cyclical nature of various phenomena. The first approach is based on the modified Harvard method. The other approach uses the Hodrick-Prescott filter and the Baxter-King filter. Cyclical fluctuations are observed not only in series of economic variables, but also in the case of demographic variables. The cyclicity of demographic data has been investigated by the author previously, and so time series for the number of births in Poland and Sweden were used for the study. The conducted analysis of the time series indicated that the number of births is subject to cyclical fluctuations and enabled their principal morphological properties to be established, i.e., the periods in which turning points occur, the fluctuation cycle periods, their lengths and amplitudes.(original abstract)