Presidentialisation on the Executive Arena at the Local Level? : The Case of Norway 1992-2012

• Autorzy: Ingvar Jacobsen , Ann Sherin Skollevold

Warianty tytułu

Prezydencjalizacja władzy wykonawczej na szczeblu lokalnym? : Przypadek norweski - lata 1992-2012

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

It is empirically contested whether the phenomenon of presidentialisation, i.e. the concentration of power around the leading political positions in non-presidential systems, is taking place or not. This study sets out to investigate whether presidentialisation on the executive arena takes place in a collegial political system, more specifically in Norwegian municipalities. Using several independent empirical data in the period from 1992 to 2012, the main conclusion is that there are few traces of presidentialisation on the Norwegian local level. However, there are tendencies towards political concentration in the sense that political power is centralised in the political elite. Rather than presidentialisation or centralisation of power around one position, this can be regarded as an institutional centralisation of power. (original abstract)

Dowody empiryczne świadczące o zjawisku prezydencjalizacji, tj. koncentracji władzy wokół kluczowych stanowisk politycznych w systemach innych niż prezydencki, są niejednoznaczne. Prezentowane badanie omawia kwestię prezydencjalizacji w odniesieniu do władzy wykonawczej w systemie politycznym opartym o zasadę kolegialności, przede wszystkim na przykładzie gmin norweskich. Niezależne dane empiryczne z różnych źródeł dla lat 1992-2012 wskazują, że na szczeblu lokalnym w Norwegii występują nieliczne oznaki prezydencjalizacji. Widoczne są natomiast tendencje zmierzające do koncentracji politycznej w znaczeniu skupienia władzy w rękach elity politycznej. Zjawisko to można uznać raczej za instytucjonalną centralizację władzy niż za prezydencjalizację lub skupienie władzy w jednym stanowisku. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Executive authority; Centralization of management; District

PL

Władza wykonawcza; Centralizacja zarządzania; Gmina

• Czasopismo: Zarządzanie Publiczne / Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie
• Rocznik: 2016
• Numer: nr 1 (35)
• Strony: 7--19

Twórcy

autor

Ingvar Jacobsen

• University of Agder, Norway

autor

Ann Sherin Skollevold

• University of Agder, Norway

Bibliografia

• Bäck, H., Dumont, P., Meier, H. E., Persson, T., & Vernby, K. (2009). Does European integration lead to a 'presidentialization' of executive politics? European Union Politics, 10(2): 226-252.
• Bäck, H., Persson, T., Vernby, K., & Westin, L. (2011). Presidentialisation from a historical perspective: Ministerial selection and reshuff ling in Swedish cabinets. In T. Persson & M.Wiberg (Eds), Parliamentary Government in the Nordic Countries at a Crossroad. Stockholm: Santérus Academic Press.
• Blåka, S., Tjerbo, T., & Zeiner, H. (2012). Kommunal organisering 2012. Oslo, NIBR-rapport, 12.
• Boumans, J. W., Boomgaarden, H. G., & Vliegenthart, R. (2013). Media personalisation in context: a cross-national comparison between the UK and the Netherlands, 1992-2007. Political Studies, 61, 44-62.
• Christensen, T. (2003) Narratives of Norwegian governance: elaborating the strong state tradition. Public Administration, 81(1): 163-190.
• Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (Eds.). (2007a). Transcending new public management. The transformation of public sector reforms. Aldershot: Ashgate.
• Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2007b). The whole-of-government approach to public sector reform. Public Administration Review, 67(6), 1057-1064.
• Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2011). Beyond NPM? Some development features. In T. Christensen & P. Lægreid (Eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to New Public Management. Aldershot: Ashgate.
• Elmelund-Præstekær, C., & Kjaer, U. (2013). Presidentialisation of parliamentary systems? Frontrunner concentration in Danish local elections. Representation, 49(2), 155-167.
• Dahl, R. A., & Tufte, E. (1973). Size and democracy. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
• Delwit, P., Pilet, J-B., Reynaert, H., & Steyvers, K. (Eds.) (2009). Local political leadership in Europe: town chief, city boss or loco president? Brugge: Vanden Broele.
• Dowding, K. (2013). The Prime ministerialisation of the British prime minister. Parliamentary Affairs, 66(3): 617-635.
• Foley, M. (1993). The rise of the British presidency. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
• Helms, L. (2005). The presidentialisation of political leadership: British notions and German observations. Political Quarterly, 76(3), 430-438.
• Huber, J. D., & Martinez-Gallardo, C. (2008). Replacing cabinet ministers: patterns of ministerial stability in parliamentary democracies. American Political Science Review, 102(2): 169-180.
• Jacobsen, D. I. (2008a). Fragmentering og integrasjon i norske kommuner - politisk retrett eller vitalisering. Kommunal Ekonomi och Politik, 11: 33-63.
• Jacobsen, D. I. (2008b). Perspektiver på kommune - Norge. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
• Johansson, K., & Tallberg, J. (2010). Explaining chief executive empowerment: EU summitry and domestic institutional change. West European Politics, 33(2), 208-236.
• Karvonen, L. (2010). The personalizaton of politics: a study of parliamentary democracies. Colchester: ECPR Press.
• Kefford, G. (2013). The presidentialisation of Australian politics? Kevin Rudd's leadership of the Australian Labor Party. Australian Journal of Political Science, 48(2), 135-146.
• Kenig, O., & Barnea, S. (2009). The selection of ministers in Israel: Is the prime minister 'a master of his domain'? Israel Affairs, 15(3), 261-278.
• Kolltveit, K. (2013): Cabinet decision-making and concentration of power: a study of the Norwegian executive center. PhD-dissertation, University of Oslo.
• Krauss, E. S., & Nyblade, B. (2005). 'Presidentialization' in Japan? The prime minister, media and elections in Japan. British Journal of Political Science, 35(2): 357-368.
• Lobo, M. C. (2005). The presidentialization of Portuguese Democracy? In T. Poguntke & P. Webb (red.), The presidentialization of politics: a comparative study of modern democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Mancini, P. (2008). Leaderization, personalization, presidentialization: lexical and interpretive ambiguities. Conference Papers - American Political Science Association 1. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed June 25, 2014).
• Øgård, M. (2014). Fra New Public Management til New Public Governance. In H. Baldersheim, L. E. Ro se (Eds.), Det kommunale laboratorium. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
• Olsen, J. P. (1983). Organized Democracy. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
• O'Malley, E. (2007). The power of prime ministers: results of an expert survey. International Political Science Review, 28(1): 7-27.
• Poguntke, T., & Webb, P. (2005). The presidentialization of politics in democratic societies: A framework for analysis. In T. Poguntke & P. Webb (Eds.), The presidentialization of politics: a comparative study of modern democracies (pp. 1-25). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Reynaert, H., Steyvers, K., Delwit, P., & Pilet, J.-B. (Eds.) (2005). Revolution or renovation? Reforming local politics in Europe. Brugge: Vanden Broele.
• Røiseland, A. Vabo, S. I. (2012). Styring og samstyring: Governance på norsk. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.
• Skarpenes, O., & Sakslind, R. (2010). Education and egalitarianism: the culture of the Norwegian middle class. Sociological Review, 58(2), 219-243.
• Statistical Bureau of Norway (2013). 3. Gruppering av kommuner og fylkeskommuner. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from https://www.ssb.no/offentlig-sektor/kommune-stat-rapportering/3.gruppering-av-kommuner-og-fylkeskommuner.
• Sundström, G. (2009). 'He who decides': Swedish social democratic governments from a presidentialisation perspective. Scandinavian Political Studies, 32(2), 143-170.
• Webb, P., & Poguntke, T. (2013). The presidentialisation of politics thesis defended. Parliamentary Affairs, 66(3), 646-654.
• Wollmann, H. (2005). The directly elected executive mayor in German local government (pp. 29-41). In: R. Berg & N. Rao (Eds.), Transforming Local Political Leadership, Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.15678/ZP.2016.35.1.0